Chrysanthemum indicum
Chrysanthemum indicum · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (4 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Chrysanthemum indicum is a versatile plant species utilized for its diverse medicinal properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and repellent activities. Various parts of the plant, such as the flower, leaf, seed, and stem, are processed into preparations like aqueous, alcohol, or MeOH extracts. These components contain bioactive chemicals, including luteolin, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and chamazulene. Research suggests these compounds may offer therapeutic benefits for conditions like gout and hepatocellular carcinoma, while also combating acid and bacteria. Through different extraction methods like E10, this plant continues to be a significant subject in pharmacological studies.
- Synonyms
- Dendranthema Indicum · Tanacetum Indicum
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Asteraceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Flower · Leaf
Classification
Common Names
Chrysanthemum indicum is a versatile species known by many different names across various cultures and regions. In certain parts of the world, it is widely recognized by the common name Indian chrysanthemum. It also holds significant linguistic diversity, being referred to as hama-kangiku or shima-kangiku in specific contexts. Furthermore, the plant is identified by the names ye ju and you ju in other traditional settings. These varied appellations highlight the global presence and cultural importance of this unique flower.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Chrysanthemum indicum is a plant recognized by several different scientific names within botanical literature. It is frequently identified by the synonym Dendranthema indicum in various taxonomic records. Additionally, researchers may refer to this species as Tanacetum indicum depending on the classification system used. These overlapping names highlight the complex evolutionary history and shifting nomenclature of the genus. Understanding these synonyms is essential for anyone studying the botanical relationships of this specific plant.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Chrysanthemum indicum is a remarkable specimen belonging to the vast kingdom Plantae. Within this biological realm, it is classified under the class Equisetopsida. This plant follows the order Asterales, a group that defines much of its structural characteristics. It further belongs to the diverse family Asteraceae, which is known for its distinctive floral patterns. Ultimately, it is identified by its specific genus, Chrysanthemum, marking its unique place in the natural world.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Asterales |
| Family | Asteraceae |
| Genus | Chrysanthemum |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Chrysanthemum indicum exhibits a remarkably diverse geographical range that spans across multiple continents and climates. In Africa, the species can be found throughout West-Central Tropical Africa and the Gulf of Guinea Islands. Its presence also extends to the Western Indian Ocean, specifically inhabiting the islands of Mauritius and Réunion. Moving toward the Asian-Temperate regions, the plant establishes itself within the rugged landscapes of Central Asia. This distribution includes specific locales such as Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, highlighting its adaptability to varying environments.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Chrysanthemum indicum is a self-supporting herb characterized by its versatile and hardy growth form. This plant typically reaches a maximum height of 1 meter, though it can grow as small as 0.1 meters depending on its environment. Its structure allows it to stand firmly without the need for external support. These dimensions make it a compact yet adaptable addition to various landscapes.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Chrysanthemum indicum is a versatile medicinal plant recognized for its diverse and potent pharmacological properties. Research highlights its significant antioxidant activity, specifically through its ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit enzymes like xanthine oxidase. The plant also demonstrates strong antibacterial effects, making it a valuable component in both traditional medicine and modern cosmetic formulations. Beyond these uses, the essential oils derived from the plant exhibit notable repellent activity against certain stored insects. Together, these biological functions underscore the wide-ranging potential of the species in healthcare and natural pest management.
Compounds
Chrysanthemum indicum is a highly valued medicinal and ornamental plant characterized by a diverse array of bioactive compounds. Research indicates that this species contains significant amounts of flavonoids, which are essential to its therapeutic profile. Specifically, the plant is known to contain luteolin and chlorogenic acid, both of which contribute to its complex chemical makeup. Furthermore, the presence of coumarins and chamazulene highlights the plant's broad chemical versatility. These various constituents underscore the potential of Chrysanthemum indicum for diverse applications in both medicine and natural pest control.
Conditions
Chrysanthemum indicum possesses significant medicinal value as it treats gout through the inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. Furthermore, the plant's ethanolic extract treats hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells through the regulation of MMP/TIMP balance. Regarding environmental growth conditions, the plant can grow under 100% all natural light intensity, though this level can cause damage to the stroma lamella. It also successfully grows under 40% all natural light intensity, despite showing a significant decrease in the number and volume of starch grains at this level. Finally, Chrysanthemum indicum can be grown under 20% all natural light intensity, although this low intensity similarly results in a reduction of chloroplasts and starch grains.
Preparations
Chrysanthemum indicum is prepared as E10 to demonstrate significant effects in sensitizing resistant cancer cells to doxorubicin and docetaxel. The plant is also prepared as a MeOH extract, which allows for the isolation of various sesquiterpenoids and flavones that inhibit nitric oxide production. Research also utilizes alcohol extracts of Chrysanthemum indicum to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities across different geographical areas. Furthermore, aqueous extracts of the plant have been shown to increase cell viability in human neuroblastoma cells during studies on neuroprotective effects. Finally, Chrysanthemum indicum is prepared as a cutting for propagation studies focused on the biochemical and physiological changes during adventitious root formation.
Parts used
Chrysanthemum indicum is a versatile medicinal and ornamental plant characterized by its diverse biological components. Research highlights that the flowers of this species contain unique polyacetylenes and sesquiterpenoids that possess significant inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production. The leaves are also highly valued, showing promising anti-malarial activity and distinct morphological traits such as a clumped, long-leaf shape. Furthermore, the stem serves as a critical element in vegetative propagation, particularly through the use of stem cuttings to induce adventitious root formation. Finally, the seeds of the plant require specific environmental conditions, such as optimal temperatures, to ensure successful germination for standardized cultivation.