Catha edulis
Catha edulis · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (3 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Catha edulis is a versatile plant species whose various parts, including the leaf, flower, fruit, and seed, possess significant pharmacological properties. The plant contains potent chemicals such as cathine, ephedrine, and d-norpseudoephedrine, which function as stimulants and adrenergic agents. When prepared through methods like chewing, drinking, or using crude acetone extracts, it can act as an antidepressant and acidulant. However, its use is linked to complex physiological conditions ranging from anorectic effects to risks of hypertension and cell death. Consequently, understanding its impact on depression and overall metabolic function remains a critical area of study.
- Synonyms
- Methyscophyllum Glaucum · Trigonotheca Serrata · 5 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Celastraceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Leaf · Flower
Classification
Common Names
Catha edulis is a plant known by several distinct names depending on the region and cultural context. It is widely recognized by its common name, Khat, which is used frequently in various parts of the world. Some people also refer to the species as Qat, a variation that maintains the same linguistic roots. Additionally, the plant is sometimes called Bushman's Tea, reflecting its traditional uses. Understanding these different designations is essential for identifying the plant across different communities.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Catha edulis is a botanical species that is frequently identified by various scientific synonyms in academic literature. Depending on the taxonomic classification used, it may be referred to as Catha glauca or Catha inermis. Researchers also encounter this plant under the names Celastrus edulis and Celastrus tsaad. Furthermore, it has been historically documented within botanical records as Dillonia abyssinica. Navigating these diverse nomenclatures is essential for ensuring accurate identification within the plant kingdom.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Catha edulis is a fascinating biological specimen that belongs to the kingdom Plantae. Within this vast kingdom, the plant is classified under the class Equisetopsida. It further falls into the order Celastrales, showcasing its specific evolutionary lineage. This species is a member of the genus Catha, which distinguishes it from other closely related plants. Finally, it is nested within the family Celastraceae, completing its unique botanical profile.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Celastrales |
| Family | Celastraceae |
| Genus | Catha |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Catha edulis is a plant species with a widespread distribution across the African continent. It is notably prevalent throughout East Tropical Africa, where it can be found in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. The species also extends its reach into the Northeast Tropical Africa region. Within this area, it is established in the landscapes of both Eritrea and Ethiopia. This broad geographic range highlights the plant's significant presence within these diverse African territories.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Catha edulis is a versatile plant that typically takes the form of a self-supporting tree. Depending on its environmental conditions, its size can vary significantly across a wide spectrum. While some specimens may remain as small as 0.1 m, others grow to reach a maximum height of 11 m. This dramatic range in stature highlights the plant's adaptability in different habitats. Ultimately, the growth of Catha edulis reflects a flexible biological structure capable of spanning many different scales.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Catha edulis is a plant recognized for its diverse pharmacological properties, most notably its significant stimulant effects. The primary psychoactive constituent responsible for this action is cathinone, a natural amphetamine that provides potent central nervous system stimulation. Beyond its role as a stimulant, research indicates that this plant also possesses valuable antidepressant-like qualities. It is listed among various medicinal plants that have demonstrated efficacy in managing depressive disorders within clinical studies. Consequently, the unique chemical profile of Catha edulis makes it a subject of interest for both social drug studies and modern mental health research.
Compounds
Catha edulis, commonly known as khat, serves as a significant source of various psychoactive alkaloids. Within its chemical composition, the plant contains cathine, a substance also identified as a major alkaloid of the species. Furthermore, Catha edulis contains d-norpseudoephedrine, which acts as a central stimulant. Research indicates that this specific alkaloid can be excreted unchanged in human urine following ingestion. Understanding these chemical constituents is essential for evaluating the plant's physiological effects and its role as a social stimulant.
Conditions
Catha edulis possesses anorectic properties due to its psychostimulating alkaloids that suppress hunger. The plant also influences average color changes (ΔE) in dental materials and natural teeth when exposed to its homogenate. Research indicates that Catha edulis can mitigate cell death by preserving cell viability and mitochondrial integrity in neuroblastoma models. Furthermore, the plant is recognized among various medicinal species for its efficacy in the treatment of depression. Conversely, the consumption of the plant can lead to hypertension through vasoconstrictive effects that increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Preparations
Catha edulis is traditionally used and prepared as a plant for chewing, smoking, and drinking. In various scientific studies, the species is also prepared as an extract to investigate its physiological effects. Research has specifically utilized Catha edulis prepared as crude acetone extracts to test for antimalarial properties against Plasmodium falciparum. These different forms of preparation allow for the study of both its traditional consumption methods and its potential medicinal applications. Consequently, the plant is frequently analyzed through its various preparations, ranging from raw consumption to specialized chemical extracts.
Parts used
Catha edulis is a perennial shrub that possesses several vital organs essential for its botanical identification. The plant is characterized by its leaves, which are traditionally chewed for their psychostimulating properties. In addition to the foliage, the species includes flowers and stems that also contain various active alkaloids. Furthermore, the reproductive cycle of the plant involves the production of both fruit and seeds. Understanding these diverse parts is crucial for the pharmacognostical study and accurate classification of khat.