Caryocar villosum
Caryocar villosum · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (0 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Caryocar villosum is a tropical tree species recognized for the valuable biological properties found within its stem and fruit. Scientific investigations into this plant often focus on the chemical composition of its methanol extracts to identify bioactive compounds. Researchers frequently utilize these methanol extracts to isolate specific polar fractions for detailed pharmacological testing. These studies aim to uncover the therapeutic potential hidden within the plant's complex secondary metabolites. Through this systematic approach, the medicinal importance of Caryocar villosum is being further established in botanical science.
- Synonyms
- Caryocar Villosum Var. Aesculifolium · Pekea Villosa · 5 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Caryocaraceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Fruit · Stem
Classification
Common Names
Caryocar villosum is a versatile botanical species known by a diverse array of regional names. Depending on the local culture, it is frequently referred to as Amêndoa-de-espinho or Grão-de-cavalo. In certain areas, people simply call the plant Petiá to distinguish it from other flora. It is also widely recognized by the popular names Piqui and Piquiá. This variety of nomenclature highlights the deep connection between the plant and the communities that rely on it.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Caryocar villosum is a taxonomically complex species that has been identified by several different scientific names throughout history. It is recognized by various synonyms, including the terms Caryocar butyrosum and Pekea villosa. Researchers have also classified specific variations of the plant under names such as Caryocar villosum var. aesculifolium and Caryocar villosum var. macrophyllum. Furthermore, the botanical record includes the designation Pekea butyrosa as a related synonym for this species. Understanding these overlapping nomenclatures is essential for accurately tracking the plant's biological identity in scientific literature.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Caryocar villosum belongs to the vast kingdom Plantae, representing a specialized branch of the living world. Within this kingdom, the species is classified under the class Equisetopsida, highlighting its fundamental botanical structure. It is further organized into the order Malpighiales, a diverse group of flowering plants. As a member of the family Caryocaraceae, it shares unique characteristics with its close botanical relatives. Finally, it is placed within the genus Caryocar, defining its specific taxonomic identity.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Malpighiales |
| Family | Caryocaraceae |
| Genus | Caryocar |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Caryocar villosum is widely distributed across various regions of South America, showing a significant presence throughout the continent. In Brazil, the species can be found spanning from the North and Northeast to the West-Central territories. Its range also extends into Northern South America, where it thrives in the diverse landscapes of French Guiana. Additionally, the plant is established within the natural ecosystems of Venezuela. This broad geographic spread highlights the adaptability of the species across multiple tropical environments.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Caryocar villosum is a magnificent tree characterized by its robust and self-supporting growth form. This species reaches impressive dimensions within its natural habitat, standing as a prominent feature of the canopy. While its stature can vary, it typically attains a height of up to 30 m. In optimal conditions, the tree may even reach an impressive maximum height of 40 m.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Compounds
Conditions
Preparations
Caryocar villosum is prepared as a methanol extract to facilitate the isolation of triterpenoid saponins from its fruit. The methanolic extracts of the fruit's peel and pulp are further utilized to assess toxicity through the Artemia salina test. Additionally, Caryocar villosum is prepared as methanol extracts of the stem bark to evaluate mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. These stem bark preparations are also processed into polar fractions to isolate specific active phenolic glycosides. Through these various extraction methods, researchers can effectively study the chemical constituents and biological activities of the plant.
Parts used
Caryocar villosum is a plant species that offers a diverse range of bioactive compounds derived from its various anatomical structures. Research indicates that the fruit of this species serves as a significant source of triterpenoid saponins, which have demonstrated various antimicrobial properties. Additionally, the stem of the plant provides valuable chemical insights, particularly through the isolation of phenolic glycosides from its bark. Studies on the stem bark have specifically highlighted its potential for mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. By examining both the fruit and the stem, scientists continue to uncover the complex chemical profile that defines this plant.