Caryocar coriaceum
Caryocar coriaceum · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (6 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Caryocar coriaceum is a botanical species of significant interest due to the diverse therapeutic potential found within its fruit. Scientific investigations into its ethanolic and methanolic extracts, as well as its fixed and essential oils, have revealed potent antimicrobial, antinociceptive, antioxidant, and gastroprotective activities. These biological properties suggest the plant may offer medicinal relief for various conditions, including bronchitis, eczema, and burns. Furthermore, its extracts have shown specific effectiveness against pathogens such as Candida tropicalis. Consequently, this species serves as a promising subject for developing natural treatments for inflammatory and infectious ailments.
- Synonyms
- Not available
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Caryocaraceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Fruit
Classification
Common Names
Caryocar coriaceum is most widely recognized by its common name, Pequi. Due to its regional diversity and various local descriptions, this species is also known as Pequi-anão. In certain areas, it may be referred to as Pequi-branco or Pequi-de-folha-grossa to highlight its specific physical traits. Additionally, the name Pequi-paulista is frequently used to identify it within specific geographic contexts. These various names reflect the deep cultural and linguistic connections tied to this remarkable plant.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Taxonomy
Caryocar coriaceum is a fascinating botanical specimen that belongs to the diverse kingdom Plantae. Within this vast biological realm, the plant is classified under the class Equisetopsida. It further finds its specific placement within the order Malpighiales. As a member of the Caryocaraceae family, it showcases unique structural characteristics. Ultimately, this species is defined by its membership in the distinct genus Caryocar.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Malpighiales |
| Family | Caryocaraceae |
| Genus | Caryocar |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Caryocar coriaceum is a botanical species primarily distributed throughout the vast landscapes of Southern America. Within this region, its presence is most notable across various diverse territories in Brazil. The plant can be found flourishing in the lush environments of Brazil North and stretching into the Brazil Northeast. Furthermore, its natural habitat extends into the Brazil West-Central regions, showcasing its adaptability to different climates. This broad geographic range highlights the significant ecological footprint of the species within the South American continent.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Caryocar coriaceum is a self-supporting plant that takes the form of a sturdy tree. This species typically reaches a maximum height of 10 m, though it can grow up to 15 m under optimal conditions. Its structural integrity allows it to stand independently within its natural habitat. Such characteristics define its physical presence and role within the forest ecosystem.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Caryocar coriaceum, commonly known as "pequi," is an endemic Brazilian tree that holds significant medicinal and cultural importance. Scientific research has validated its diverse pharmacological potential, demonstrating notable antimicrobial activity against various fungal and bacterial strains. Beyond fighting infections, the species exhibits strong antioxidant properties that contribute to its therapeutic value. Clinical trials also highlight its effectiveness as a gastroprotective agent and its ability to provide antinociceptive relief from pain. These combined biological activities support the traditional use of its fruits and oils in treating a wide range of ailments.
Compounds
Caryocar coriaceum, a tree endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado, holds significant medicinal and socioeconomic value for local populations. The species is highly regarded for its fruits, which are processed into a fixed oil used to treat various inflammatory and respiratory conditions. Chemical analyses reveal that fatty acids and phenolic compounds serve as the primary constituents of this plant. These essential fatty acids contribute to the oil's diverse pharmacological potential, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Because of this unique chemical composition, the species remains a vital resource for both food and traditional medicine.
Conditions
Caryocar coriaceum exhibits significant medicinal properties, specifically demonstrated by its ability to treat various Candida spp. strains. Research indicates that the extract of this plant can effectively combat Candida tropicalis by causing damage to its plasmatic membrane through pore formation. Furthermore, the species has shown antimicrobial efficacy against the fungus Microsporum canis. Beyond its antifungal capabilities, the fruit is traditionally utilized to treat broncho-pulmonary diseases. These applications include the specific treatment of bronchitis, supporting the plant's established role in managing respiratory ailments.
Preparations
Caryocar coriaceum is prepared as an ethanolic extract from its bark and fruit pulp to exhibit antimicrobial activity against species like Microsporum canis. The plant is also prepared as a fix oil, which has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic effects in various studies. Additionally, the fruit can be prepared as a methanolic extract to investigate its bioactive chemical constituents against infectious agents. These different preparations, including general oil, serve diverse medicinal and nutritional purposes in Brazilian traditional medicine. Through these various forms, the species provides essential fatty acids and phenolic compounds for therapeutic use.
Parts used
Caryocar coriaceum, commonly known as pequi, is a significant medicinal tree endemic to the Brazilian Northeast. A vital component of this species is its fruit, which is utilized extensively for both nutritional and therapeutic purposes. The fruit pulp and mesocarp contain rich bioactive constituents, including phenolic compounds and flavonoids, that demonstrate promising antimicrobial potential. Research indicates that extracts from the fruit can effectively combat certain fungal strains and enhance the efficacy of existing antibiotics. Consequently, the fruit remains a cornerstone of local subsistence and traditional medicine, though its high commercial demand necessitates careful conservation efforts.