Capsella bursa-pastoris
Capsella bursa-pastoris · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (6 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Capsella bursa-pastoris is a versatile medicinal plant that has gained significant scientific interest due to its diverse therapeutic properties. Research indicates that its seeds contain essential chemicals, including flavonoids, phytosterols, and fumaric acid, which contribute to its biological potency. When prepared as aqueous plant extracts or hydroalcoholic extracts, such as the Gurgem-7 formulation, the plant demonstrates strong antibacterial, antioxidant, and antihemorrhagic activities. These preparations are being studied for their potential to combat complex conditions like colorectal cancer, liver fibrosis, and acetylcholinesterase-related issues. Consequently, this species remains a vital subject in the search for natural compounds capable of providing anticancer and antioxidant benefits.
- Synonyms
- Rodschiedia Bursa-Pastoris · Nasturtium Bursa-Pastoris · 2 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Brassicaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Seed
Classification
Common Names
Capsella bursa-pastoris is a resilient plant known by a diverse array of common names across different cultures and languages. In Azerbaijan, it is frequently referred to as Adi quşəppəyi, while in Denmark, it goes by the name Almindelig hyrdetaske. Moving through other regions, one might encounter it called An Sporan or Artzain-zaku. Its botanical identity is also well-recognized in Spanish-speaking areas as Bolsa del pastor. This variety of nomenclature highlights the global presence and widespread recognition of this unique species.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Capsella bursa-pastoris is a plant that is frequently identified by several different botanical names. Within scientific literature, it is recognized under the synonym Bursa bursa-pastoris. Researchers may also encounter this species referred to as Nasturtium bursa-pastoris in various historical texts. Furthermore, the nomenclature includes the terms Rodschiedia bursa-pastoris and Thlaspi bursa-pastoris. Understanding these various synonyms is essential for accurate identification and taxonomic clarity.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Capsella bursa-pastoris is a distinctive member of the kingdom Plantae. This plant is classified under the class Equisetopsida and belongs to the order Brassicales. Within this biological framework, it is further categorized into the family Brassicaceae. Finally, it is identified by its specific genus, Capsella. Through these hierarchical relationships, we can better understand its unique place in the natural world.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Brassicales |
| Family | Brassicaceae |
| Genus | Capsella |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Capsella bursa-pastoris exhibits a widespread presence across several diverse regions of the African continent. In East Tropical Africa, this species is commonly found throughout the landscapes of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its reach extends beyond the mainland to include the island territories of Macaronesia. Specifically, the plant has established successful populations within the Canary Islands. Additionally, its distribution is noted in the lush environment of Madeira, showcasing its adaptability to varied island habitats.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Capsella bursa-pastoris is a versatile herb characterized by its distinct growth form. As a self-supporting plant, it maintains its structure without the need for external assistance. The height of this species can vary significantly depending on its environment, ranging from a minimum of 0.05 m to a maximum of 0.8 m. Specifically, observations indicate that its minimum stature often sits around 0.23925 m. This flexibility in size allows the plant to adapt to various ecological niches.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Capsella bursa-pastoris, commonly known as shepherd's purse, is a medicinal plant recognized for its diverse and potent pharmacological properties. Modern research has confirmed its significant antioxidant and antihemorrhagic activities, validating long-standing traditional uses in ethnomedicine. Furthermore, the plant demonstrates strong antibacterial and antifungal capabilities, making it useful in both medical and cosmetic applications. Scientific studies also highlight its promising anticancer potential, underscoring its importance in contemporary therapeutic research. These multifaceted biological activities establish the species as a valuable resource for healthcare and biotechnology.
Compounds
Capsella bursa-pastoris, commonly known as shepherd's purse, is a medicinal plant characterized by a diverse profile of bioactive compounds. Research indicates that the plant contains essential bioelements and flavonoids that contribute to its wide range of pharmacological activities. Furthermore, the presence of phytosterols within the species supports its growing utility in nutritional and cosmetic applications. Scientific investigations have also identified the presence of fumaric acid, an acidic substance isolated from the herb extract. This specific component has demonstrated significant effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of certain solid tumor cells.
Conditions
Capsella bursa-pastoris demonstrates significant biological activity, including the ability to inhibit the AChE enzyme through its hexane extract. This plant also exhibits antitumor properties by inhibiting the growth of Ehrlich solid tumors in mice, a process linked to the presence of fumaric acid. In soil environments, the plant interacts with nickel concentrations at both 50 and 500 mg kg⁻¹. Furthermore, the uptake of nickel by Capsella bursa-pastoris is significantly influenced by the presence of polystyrene in the soil. Specifically, the combination of nickel and polystyrene, such as in the Ni50 + PS and Ni500 + PS treatments, increases the bioavailability and transfer of the metal into the plant.
Preparations
Capsella bursa-pastoris is prepared as Gurgem-7, a traditional Mongolian prescription studied for its potential toxicity and biological activities against colorectal cancer cells. This plant is also utilized as aqueous plant extracts for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antibacterial efficacy. Furthermore, it is prepared as a hydroalcoholic extract to investigate its anti-Toxoplasma activities against the parasite T. gondii. Beyond these specific preparations, Capsella bursa-pastoris is classified as a medicinal plant, which is particularly relevant when studying the impact of microplastics and metal mobility on its safety.
Parts used
Capsella bursa-pastoris seeds serve as a primary example of common adulterants found in traditional Chinese medicinal products. In studies focusing on the authenticity of Tinglizi, these specific plant parts are often used to counterfeit high-value medicinal materials. Researchers have utilized DNA mini-barcode technology to effectively distinguish these seeds from authentic species like Descurainia sophia. The ability to detect these parts within complex mixtures ensures the qualitative and quantitative integrity of patent medicines. Consequently, identifying such adulterants is crucial for maintaining the botanical accuracy and safety of herbal formulations.