Cannabis sativa
Hemp
Cannabis sativa, commonly known as hemp or marijuana, is a versatile plant with a rich history in traditional medicine. Renowned for its complex profile of cannabinoids, particularly THC and CBD, it is utilized globally to manage pain, anxiety, and various therapeutic conditions, bridging ancient wisdom with modern pharmacological research.
- Scientific name: Cannabis sativa
- Family: Cannabaceae
- Native range: Europe
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae, it is positioned in the order Rosales and the family Cannabaceae. Finally, it is identified by the genus Cannabis, specifically the species Cannabis sativa.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Rosales | WCVP |
| Family | Cannabaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Cannabis | WCVP |
Common Names
This plant, known scientifically as Cannabis sativa, is recognized by a variety of different names across various languages and regions. In Chinese, it is referred to as 大麻 (dàmá), while in Basque, the name Kalamu is used. In Polish, the plant is commonly called konopie siewne, and in Welsh, it is known as Tchene. Additionally, in the Udmurt language, the plant is called Кенэм.| Language | Common Name | Source |
|---|---|---|
| zh | 大麻 | Wikidata |
| eu | Kalamu | Wikidata |
| pl | konopie siewne | Wikidata |
| wa | Tchene | Wikidata |
| udm | Кенэм | Wikidata |
| fr | chanvre cultivé | Wikidata |
| he | קנאביס סאטיבה | Wikidata |
| ko | 삼 | Wikidata |
| frr | Manila | Wikidata |
| ms | Pokok ganja | Wikidata |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a specific presence across several regions within Northern Europe. In the southern reaches of this territory, it can be found growing in Denmark. Moving further north, the species is also distributed throughout Finland. The plant extends its range to the islands of Great Britain and Ireland as well. Finally, its geographical footprint includes the northernmost stretches of Norway.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Europe | Denmark | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Finland | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Great Britain | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Ireland | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Norway | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Sweden | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Austria | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Belgium | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Czechia-Slovakia | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Germany | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, Cannabis sativa, possesses several distinct morphological features that contribute to its medicinal properties. The most recognizable parts are the serrated green leaves, which are often used in various preparations. The plant produces dense inflorescences, or flowering clusters, which serve as the primary source of many bioactive compounds. These compounds are concentrated within microscopic, resin-producing glandular trichomes that coat the surface of the flowers and foliage. Additionally, the robust stem provides structural support for the plant's rapid growth, while the nutrient-rich seeds offer a different profile of uses, often valued for their nutritional and oil content.- Total parts
- 59
- Scientific sources
- 98
| Plant Part | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| leaves | 11 | ★★★★★ |
| seeds | 6 | ★★★☆☆ |
| inflorescences | 5 | ★★★☆☆ |
| glandular trichomes | 5 | ★★★☆☆ |
| stem | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| roots | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| resin | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| inflorescence | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| flowers | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| trichomes | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Cannabis sativa has 270 reported phytochemicals identified across 830 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include cannabidiol, cannabinoids, CBD, THC, tetrahydrocannabinol.
- Total chemicals
- 270
- Scientific sources
- 830
Most Reported Compounds
| Compound | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| cannabidiol | 82 | ★★★★★ |
| cannabinoids | 59 | ★★★★★ |
| CBD | 47 | ★★★★★ |
| THC | 45 | ★★★★★ |
| tetrahydrocannabinol | 35 | ★★★★★ |
| terpenes | 30 | ★★★★★ |
| Cannabidiol | 23 | ★★★★★ |
| flavonoids | 22 | ★★★★★ |
| delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol | 21 | ★★★★★ |
| cannabigerol | 15 | ★★★★★ |
Activities
Cannabis sativa has 45 reported activities identified across 154 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Psychoactive, Antibacterial, Analgesic, Neuroprotective.
- Total activities
- 45
- Scientific sources
- 154
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant | 18 | ★★★★★ |
| Psychoactive | 18 | ★★★★★ |
| Antibacterial | 13 | ★★★★★ |
| Analgesic | 12 | ★★★★★ |
| Neuroprotective | 11 | ★★★★★ |
| Anticancer | 7 | ★★★★☆ |
| Antifungal | 7 | ★★★★☆ |
| Antimicrobial | 7 | ★★★★☆ |
| Anticonvulsant | 6 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Antiviral | 6 | ★★★☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Cannabis sativa has 273 reported medicinal uses identified across 599 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include pain, cancer, chronic pain, anxiety, inflammation.
- Total uses
- 273
- Scientific sources
- 599
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| pain | 37 | ★★★★★ |
| cancer | 23 | ★★★★★ |
| chronic pain | 22 | ★★★★★ |
| anxiety | 20 | ★★★★★ |
| inflammation | 20 | ★★★★★ |
| multiple sclerosis | 17 | ★★★★★ |
| nausea | 17 | ★★★★★ |
| epilepsy | 15 | ★★★★★ |
| depression | 14 | ★★★★★ |
| Parkinson's disease | 8 | ★★★★☆ |