Canarium indicum

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Distribution

This plant exhibits a diverse geographical distribution across several key regions of Southeast Asia and Oceania. Within the Indo-China region, its presence is specifically noted in Myanmar. Moving into the Malesia zone, it can be found spanning across Jawa, Maluku, and Sulawesi. Furthermore, its range extends into the Papuasia region, specifically within the Bismarck Archipelago. Together, these locations highlight the broad ecological footprint of Canarium indicum.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Canarium indicum is characterized by a broad altitudinal distribution, allowing it to thrive across diverse topographical gradients. This species is found across an elevational range spanning from 0 m AMSL to a maximum of 1000 m AMSL. This wide vertical distribution suggests an adaptability to varying environmental conditions, ranging from lowland tropical environments to mid-elevation montane zones. Such a range implies that the plant can occupy a variety of ecological niches, potentially interacting with different soil compositions, humidity levels, and temperature regimes found within these specific altitude increments.

Elevational range max:

1000 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

0 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Canarium indicum is characterized by its nature as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons and establish a long-term presence in its ecosystem. Throughout its life cycle, the plant maintains an evergreen status, ensuring that its foliage remains lush and functional year-round without the need for a seasonal shedding period.

Deciduousness :

evergreen

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Canarium indicum is characterized by its substantial stature and robust structure, typically manifesting as a large tree with a mean height reaching approximately 25 m. As a woody plant, it possesses a sturdy, perennial framework that defines its growth form. This species is strictly terrestrial, lacking any aquatic or semi-aquatic adaptations, and it does not exhibit epiphytic behavior, maintaining its growth entirely upon the ground. Furthermore, it is a self-supporting organism, meaning it does not function as a liana or vine, but instead relies on its own structural integrity to maintain its upright position.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Plant height mean:

25 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Canarium indicum is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, a process wherein carbon dioxide is fixed directly into a three-carbon compound during the initial stages of the Calvin cycle. This metabolic route typically reflects the plant's adaptation to environments where moisture is relatively available, allowing for efficient gas exchange through stomata. Additionally, this species does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it lacks the symbiotic relationship with diazotrophic bacteria, such as Rhizobium, required to convert atmospheric nitrogen into bioavailable forms, and instead relies on the uptake of nitrates and ammonium from the soil substrate to meet its nutritional nitrogen requirements.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Canarium indicum is characterized by specific sexual processes and seed characteristics. The plant does not exhibit self-fertilization, as the trait for self-fertilization is documented as absent, suggesting a reliance on cross-pollination mechanisms to ensure genetic diversity. The resulting seeds vary in size, with a recorded minimum seed mass of 7.143 g and a maximum seed mass of 14.286 g. On average, the seeds produced by this species have a mean mass of 10.7145 g, reflecting the specific nutritional and structural investment required for its propagation.

Seed mass max:

14.286 g

Seed mass mean:

10.7145 g

Seed mass min:

7.143 g

Self fertilization :

absent

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Canarium indicum has 33 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 1,8-Cineole, ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, ANETHOLE, Amyrin.

1,8-Cineole

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ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE

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ALPHA-PINENE

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ANETHOLE

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Amyrin

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Ash

1. Dr. Duke

BETA-PHELLANDRENE

1. Dr. Duke

Brein

1. Dr. Duke

CARVONE

1. Dr. Duke

Carvotanacetone

1. Dr. Duke

Activities

Canarium indicum has 196 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include (-)-Chronotropic, (-)-Inotropic, 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor, ACE-Inhibitor, AChE-Inhibitor.

(-)-Chronotropic

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(-)-Inotropic

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5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

ACE-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

AChE-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

Acaricide

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Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

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Allelochemic

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Allelopathic

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Allergenic

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