Botanical Identification of Lantern Tree (Cananga odorata)

To identify Lantern Tree (Cananga odorata) accurately, examine its morphological characteristics, taxonomic classification, and diagnostic features.

Lantern Tree (Cananga odorata) Monograph

Scientific Classification

The Lantern Tree, Cananga odorata, belongs to the kingdom Plantae, division Magnoliophyta, class Eudicots, order Sapindales, family Annonaceae, genus Cananga, and species Cananga odorata. These classifications provide a systematic way to identify and relate the plant to other species in the botanical world.

The following table shows the full taxonomy of this medicinal plant.

Botanical Nomenclature and Synonyms

The Lantern Tree is scientifically known as Cananga odorata, a name that reflects its fragrant properties. It was first described by the botanist Jean-Baptiste de Luc in 1796. This species has several synonyms, including Monstera odorata and Cananga rautanenii, which were used in earlier botanical classifications.

Morphological Characteristics

The Lantern Tree, Cananga odorata, is a small to medium-sized tree with a spreading growth habit. It has a fibrous root system that helps stabilize the plant. The stem is smooth and slightly woody, with a pale green color. Leaves are alternate, simple, and elliptic in shape, with a glossy surface. The inflorescence is a panicle, bearing small, fragrant flowers. The fruit is a woody capsule containing numerous seeds.

Diagnostic Identification Features

The Lantern Tree can be distinguished by its fragrant, yellowish-white flowers arranged in umbels, its compound leaves with 10-20 pairs of leaflets, and its smooth, grayish-brown bark. It is often confused with other cantharidinae species, but its distinctive floral scent and leaf structure help in accurate identification.

Natural Habitat and Geographic Distribution

The Lantern Tree, or Cananga odorata, is native to Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. It thrives in tropical climates with high humidity and warm temperatures. It prefers well-drained, loamy soils and is typically found at altitudes between 200 and 800 meters.

Phenology and Growth Cycle

Lantern Tree blooms from April to June, producing fragrant yellow flowers. Seed formation occurs from August to October. For identification purposes, the tree is typically harvested when the fruit is fully mature, usually between November and January.

Phylogenetic Relationships

The Lantern Tree, Cananga odorata, is closely related to species in the Annonaceae family. It shares genus traits with other Cananga species and exhibits family characteristics such as simple, opposite leaves and showy flowers. These relationships aid in accurate botanical identification within the Annonaceae group.