Brucea antidysenterica

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Brucea virginica
• Brucea antidysenterica var. crassivenia
• Brucea salutaris
• Lussa antidysenterica
• Trichilia siderotricha
• Brucea abyssinica
• Brucea erythraeae
• Brucea ferruginea

Sources: Wikidata

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae, it is organized under the order Sapindales and the family Simaroubaceae. Ultimately, its specific taxonomic identity is defined by the genus Brucea.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a wide distribution across several regions within the African continent. In West Tropical Africa, it can be found growing in Guinea and Nigeria. Its presence extends into West-Central Tropical Africa, where it is documented in Burundi and the Central African Republic. Additionally, the species is known to inhabit the country of Cameroon. Together, these locations highlight the plant's importance across diverse tropical environments.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Brucea antidysenterica is characterized by its status as a perennial species, allowing the plant to persist in its environment over multiple growing seasons. As a long-lived woody plant, it maintains a stable presence within its natural habitat, undergoing continuous developmental cycles that support its long-term survival. This perennial nature ensures that the plant can withstand seasonal fluctuations, repeatedly engaging in vegetative growth and reproductive phases throughout its lifespan.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Brucea antidysenterica is characterized by its growth form, which primarily manifests as a tree or a shrub. As a woody species, it exhibits a robust, self-supporting structure rather than functioning as a climber, liana, or vine. This plant is terrestrial in nature, existing as an independent organism that does not function as an epiphyte or a parasite. In terms of physical stature, it reaches a mean plant height of approximately 7 m, though it can achieve a maximum height of up to 9.144111192 m.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Growth form :

shrub

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

9.144111192 m

Plant height mean:

7 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Brucea antidysenterica is characterized by a standard metabolic framework typical of many woody tropical species. It utilizes the C3 photosynthetic pathway, a mechanism where carbon dioxide is fixed directly through the Calvin cycle using the enzyme RuBisCO, which is efficient under the temperate to subtropical environmental conditions in which it typically grows. Furthermore, the plant does not function as a nitrogen fixer; it lacks the specialized symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as rhizobia, required to convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms, and instead relies on the uptake of nitrates and ammonium from the soil through its root system.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Brucea antidysenterica is centered around the production of specialized seeds that facilitate its propagation within its natural habitat. The reproductive cycle culminates in the development of seeds characterized by a highly consistent mass, with a recorded mean seed mass of 0.1 g. This uniformity is reflected in the seed's physical parameters, as both the maximum and minimum recorded seed mass values are 0.1 g, indicating a very narrow range of variation in individual seed weight. This consistency in seed mass suggests a stable investment of resources during the maturation process, ensuring that each seed possesses a standardized amount of nutrient reserves to support early seedling establishment.

Seed mass mean:

0.1 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Brucea antidysenterica has 3 reported plant parts identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, stem, seed.

Leaf

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies
2. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences
3. Infection and drug resistance

Stem

1. Journal of natural products
2. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

Seed

1. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Chemicals

Brucea antidysenterica has 6 reported phytochemicals identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include BRUCEANTIN, Bruceanol G, Bruceantinoside C, Flavonoids, Hydnocarpin.

BRUCEANTIN

1. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
2. Journal of natural products

Bruceanol G

1. Journal of natural products

Bruceantinoside C

1. Journal of natural products

Flavonoids

1. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences

Hydnocarpin

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

Phenols

1. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences

Activities

Brucea antidysenterica has 5 reported activities identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antibacterial, Antimalarial, Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, Cytotoxic.

Antibacterial

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies
2. Infection and drug resistance

Antimalarial

1. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Antioxidant

1. Infection and drug resistance

Antiproliferative

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

Cytotoxic

1. Journal of natural products

Conditions

Brucea antidysenterica has 14 reported investigations on conditions identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include cancer, B16 melanoma, Candida albicans, L1210 leukemia, P388 leukemia.

Cancer

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies
2. Journal of natural products

B16 melanoma

1. Journal of natural products

Candida albicans

1. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences

L1210 leukemia

1. Journal of natural products

P388 leukemia

1. Journal of natural products

Asthma

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

Diarrhea

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

Dysentery

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

Fever

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

Hematological malignancies

1. Journal of natural products

Preparations

Brucea antidysenterica has 11 reported preparations identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include 80% Methanol Leaf Extract, 80% methanol leaf extract, BAL, BAS, absolute methanol.

80% methanol leaf extract

1. Infection and drug resistance

80% methanol leaf extract

1. Infection and drug resistance

Bal

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

Bas

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

Absolute methanol

1. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine

Leaves (bal) extract

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

Methanol extracts

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies

Methanol leaf extract

1. Infection and drug resistance

Plant extracts

1. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences

Stem (bas) extract

1. BMC complementary medicine and therapies