frankincense tree
Boswellia sacra · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Extensive (381 studies) · ★★★★★
Frankincense tree, scientifically known as Boswellia sacra, is a revered species native to the arid regions of the Arabian Peninsula. Renowned for its aromatic resin, this tree has been vital to spiritual rituals and traditional medicine for millennia, offering potent anti-inflammatory properties and therapeutic benefits in holistic healing.
- Family
- Burseraceae
- Native range
- Africa
- Parts used
- Not available
- Common names
- Frankincense · Olibanum-Tree
- Scientific synonyms
- Boswellia Carteri Var. Subintegra · Boswellia Bhaw-Dajiana · 1 more
Names
Common Names
- frankincense
- olibanum-tree
Regional and Traditional Names
Spanish:
- olibán
- árbol del incensio
German:
- Boswellia carterii
- Boswellia carteri
- Weihrauchbaum
- Weihrauchbaum
- Weihrauchpflanze
French:
- Arbre à encens
- Arbre a encens
- arbre à encens
- oliban
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Boswellia sacraSynonyms
- Boswellia carteri var. subintegra
- Boswellia bhaw-dajiana
- Boswellia bhaw-dajiana var. serrulata
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified within the phylum Streptophyta and class Equisetopsida. It is further categorized under the subclass Magnoliidae, order Sapindales, and family Burseraceae. Finally, its taxonomic identity is defined by the genus Boswellia, specifically the species Boswellia sacra.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Sapindales | WCVP |
| Family | Burseraceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Boswellia | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a specific distribution spanning across Northeast Tropical Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. In the African region, its presence is notably documented within Somalia. Moving into the Arabian Peninsula, it can be found throughout the various Gulf States. The species also maintains a significant range within the country of Oman. Finally, its geographical reach extends into the territory of Yemen.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Northeast Tropical Africa | Somalia | WCVP |
| Arabian Peninsula | Gulf States | WCVP |
| Arabian Peninsula | Oman | WCVP |
| Arabian Peninsula | Yemen | WCVP |
Chemicals
Boswellia sacra has 111 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 1-octanol, AKBA, ALPHA-PINENE, Incensole, Linalool.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| 1-octanol | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| AKBA | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Incensole | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Linalool | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| resin | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1,8-Cineol | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1-Octyl acetate | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 11-Keto-beta-boswellic acid | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 11-keto-boswellic Acid | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
1-octanol
- Dr. Duke
- International journal of molecular sciences
AKBA
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Phytochemical analysis : PCA
ALPHA-PINENE
- Dr. Duke
- Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
Incensole
- Dr. Duke
- Phytochemical analysis : PCA
Linalool
- Dr. Duke
- International journal of molecular sciences
resin
- Dr. Duke
- Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
1,8-Cineol
- Dr. Duke
1-Octyl acetate
- Dr. Duke
11-Keto-beta-boswellic acid
- Dr. Duke
11-keto-boswellic Acid
- BMC complementary medicine and therapies
Activities
Boswellia sacra has 183 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Irritant, (-)-Chronotropic, (-)-Inotropic.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Antibacterial | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antioxidant | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Irritant | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (-)-Chronotropic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (-)-Inotropic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ACE-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| AChE-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Acaricide | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Boswellia sacra has 29 reported medicinal uses identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include inflammation, oxidative stress, Alzheimer disease, Alzheimer's disease, Aspergillus flavus.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| inflammation | Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| oxidative stress | Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Alzheimer disease | Iranian journal of medical sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Alzheimer's disease | Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Aspergillus flavus | Foods (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Aspergillus niger | Foods (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Aspergillus ochraceus | Foods (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Candida albicans | Foods (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Escherichia coli | Foods (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Foods (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| resin | Bioorganic chemistry (and other 4 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| gum resin | Frontiers in physiology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Aromatic gum | Natural product communications (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| aromatic oleo-gum resin | Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cream formulation | Frontiers in medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| crude extract | Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| dichloromethane (DCM) extract | Fitoterapia (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| essential oil | Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| essential oils | Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ethanol extract | Frontiers in medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |