What to know about Boswellia carteri (frankincense) before using it medicinally

Boswellia carteri, commonly known as frankincense, is a medicinal herb renowned for its anti-inflammatory properties, which have been shown to reduce pain and inflammation in various health conditions.

This herb requires specific growing conditions, including full sun and well-drained soil, and is native to the arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa. Botanically, Boswellia carteri belongs to the Burseraceae family, with the genus name Boswellia referring to the plant's resinous properties.

Historically, frankincense has been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years, with ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians and Chinese referencing its therapeutic benefits.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Boswellia carteri.

What are the medicinal properties of Boswellia carteri?

Boswellia carteri helps with reducing inflammation, pain, and swelling, making it a popular remedy for arthritis, asthma, and other inflammatory conditions.

The active constituents of Boswellia carteri, including boswellic acids, ferulic acid, and alpha-pinene, are responsible for its medicinal properties. These compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative activities.

The resin of Boswellia carteri is the most commonly used part of the plant for medicinal purposes. It is often used topically to treat skin conditions, wounds, and respiratory issues. The resin can also be ingested in the form of capsules or tea.

Ingesting excessive amounts of Boswellia carteri resin can cause stomach upset, diarrhea, and allergic reactions. Improper use can also interact with medications such as blood thinners, diabetes medications, and thyroid medications.

Precautions when using Boswellia carteri medicinally include avoiding excessive consumption, pregnant women, and individuals with bleeding disorders. Additionally, individuals with known allergies should perform a patch test before using the resin topically.

What are the horticulural aspects of Boswellia carteri?

Boswellia carteri grow in dry, subtropical environments with well-drained soil and full sun. The ideal temperature for growth is between 64°F (18°C) and 90°F (32°C), with minimal rainfall and low humidity.

For successful planting, Boswellia carteri seeds or seedlings require a mixture of sand and soil, with minimal fertilization. Plant at a depth of 1-2 inches, and water sparingly to prevent root rot. Provide adequate air circulation to prevent fungal diseases.

Boswellia carteri harvesting typically occurs every 2-3 years, after the plant has reached maturity. Harvest the resin by making incisions on the trunk, allowing the fragrant resin to flow out. Collect the resin before it hardens, as this preserves its quality and fragrance.

Common pests and diseases affecting Boswellia carteri include scale insects, root weevils, and fungal infections like root rot and leaf spot. Regular monitoring and pruning can prevent infestations, while maintaining good air circulation and using integrated pest management strategies can mitigate disease outbreaks.

What are the botanical aspects of Boswellia carteri?

Boswellia carteri is a small, branching tree or shrub with a smooth, grey bark and a rounded crown. It grows up to 5 meters in height and has a diameter of up to 30 cm. Leaves are 2-5 cm long and 1-2 cm wide.

Boswellia carteri belongs to the Burseraceae family and is classified as a species within the Boswellia genus. Its taxonomic classification is: Kingdom: Plantae, Clade: Angiosperms, Clade: Eudicots, Clade: Rosids, Order: Sapindales, Family: Burseraceae, Genus: Boswellia, Species: B. carteri.

Two variants of Boswellia carteri are recognized: Boswellia carteri var. carteri and Boswellia carteri var. ferruginea. These variants differ in the color and texture of the bark and the size of the leaves.

Boswellia carteri is native to the Middle East and North Africa, and is commonly found in countries such as Oman, Yemen, and Somalia. It grows in arid and semi-arid regions, typically on rocky outcrops or in sandy soil.

The life cycle of Boswellia carteri is characterized by a slow growth period, typically taking 10-15 years to reach maturity. It produces small, yellowish flowers in the spring, which are followed by small, yellow or green capsules containing numerous seeds. Seeds are dispersed in the autumn, allowing the plant to regenerate.

What are the historical aspects of Boswellia carteri?

Boswellia carteri is an ancient resin derived from the sap of the Boswellia tree. Historically, it was used in traditional medicine, perfumery, and as a spiritual offering. Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans valued its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties.

In mythological references, frankincense is mentioned in the Epic of Gilgamesh, where it is described as a gift from the gods. In ancient Greek mythology, frankincense was associated with the goddess Artemis, and in Hindu mythology, it is connected to the god Shiva. In Islam, frankincense is mentioned in the Quran as a sacred scent.

Symbolic meanings of frankincense vary across cultures. In ancient Egypt, it represented spirituality and purification, while in ancient Greece, it symbolized sacrifice and prayer. In Buddhist and Hindu traditions, frankincense is associated with meditation, contemplation, and spiritual growth.

Historical texts such as the Ebers Papyrus (circa 1550 BCE) and the Rhind Papyrus (circa 1650 BCE) describe frankincense as a medicinal and spiritual substance. The Greek physician Hippocrates (circa 400 BCE) also mentioned frankincense in his treatises on medicine.

Archaeological artifacts such as incense burners, altars, and vessels used for storing frankincense have been discovered in ancient settlements, including Pompeii and Herculaneum. These finds demonstrate the widespread use of frankincense in ancient cultures for spiritual, medicinal, and ceremonial purposes.