What to know about Bidens tripartita (bur marigold) before using it medicinally

Bidens tripartita, commonly known as bur marigold, is a herb that has been valued for its ability to improve liver and kidney health, as well as its anti-inflammatory properties.

A low-maintenance and adaptable plant, Bidens tripartita is often used in wildflower gardens and meadows due to its ease of growth and ability to thrive in a variety of conditions. Botanically, Bidens tripartita is characterized by its distinctive three-parted leaves and bright yellow daisy-like flowers.

Historically, Bidens tripartita has been used in traditional medicine in various cultures, with records of its use dating back to the early 19th century in Europe and North America.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Bidens tripartita .

What are the medicinal properties of Bidens tripartita ?

Bidens tripartita helps with various health issues, including fever reduction, digestive problems, and skin conditions, such as eczema and acne. It also has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties. Its medicinal uses are well-documented in traditional herbal medicine.

The active constituents of Bidens tripartita include flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, which contribute to its medicinal properties. These compounds are responsible for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The plant's flavonoids, in particular, have been shown to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

The leaves and flowers of the Bidens tripartita plant are the most commonly used parts for medicinal purposes. The leaves are typically harvested when the plant is in bloom, while the flowers are used fresh or dried. The leaves and flowers are then made into infusions, tinctures, or salves for topical application.

Improper use of Bidens tripartita can cause allergic reactions, including skin irritation, itching, and swelling. The plant's antifungal properties may also interact with other medications, such as blood thinners, and exacerbate underlying health conditions.

Precautions when using Bidens tripartita medicinally include avoiding use in pregnant or breastfeeding women, as well as individuals with sensitive skin or allergies. It's also essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using the plant for medicinal purposes, especially if taking other medications or with underlying health conditions.

What are the horticulural aspects of Bidens tripartita ?

Bidens tripartita grow best in well-drained soils with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Full sun to partial shade conditions are ideal, with a temperature range of 65-90°F (18-32°C). Water moderately, reducing in winter months.

Planting tips for Bidens tripartita include sowing seeds directly in the ground after last frost, or starting indoors 4-6 weeks earlier. Sow seeds 1/8 inch deep, 6-12 inches apart, and 1/4 inch deeper if direct sowing in warm climates. Thin seedlings to 12-18 inches apart.

Harvest Bidens tripartita flowers when they reach full bloom, as the plant will produce new flowers continuously throughout the growing season. Cut flowers in the morning, when they are at their peak, to prevent stem damage. Harvest entire stems for arrangements or use as a cut flower.

Common pests of Bidens tripartita include aphids, spider mites, and caterpillars, while root rot, powdery mildew, and leaf spot are common diseases. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation or disease, and treat promptly to prevent damage and spread.

What are the botanical aspects of Bidens tripartita ?

Bidens tripartita is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant that grows 1-3 feet tall, with a stout stem and a rounded or oval-shaped leaf arrangement. Leaves are 2-6 inches long, with 3-5 lobes or leaflets, and are coarsely toothed. Flowers are 1/4 inch in diameter, with 3-5 petals, and are arranged in clusters.

Taxonomically, Bidens tripartita is classified as follows: Kingdom: Plantae, Clade: Angiosperms, Clade: Eudicots, Order: Asterales, Family: Asteraceae, Tribe: Coreopsideae, Genus: Bidens, Species: B. tripartita. It is closely related to Bidens aristosa and Bidens vulcani.

Three variants of Bidens tripartita have been identified: var. tripartita, var. heterophylla, and var. typica. Var. tripartita is characterized by its trifoliate leaves and small flowers, var. heterophylla by its entire-margined leaves and larger flowers, and var. typica by its variable leaf morphology.

Bidens tripartita is native to North America, specifically the eastern and central regions, and has been introduced to Europe and Asia as a weed. It grows in moist areas, including along streams, in wet meadows, and in cultivated fields.

The life cycle of Bidens tripartita typically begins in spring, when seeds germinate and seedlings emerge. Growth is rapid, with plants maturing in 60-90 days. Flowers bloom from mid-summer to early fall, followed by seed production and dispersal.

What are the historical aspects of Bidens tripartita ?

Bidens tripartita is an herbaceous annual plant that has been used for various purposes throughout history. It was employed as a medicinal plant to treat fever, cough, and respiratory issues, as well as a wound dressing to speed up the healing process. The roots and leaves were used in traditional medicine.

In ancient mythology, Bidens tripartita was associated with the Greek goddess Artemis, who was often depicted with bur marigold flowers in her hair. The plant's name is derived from the Greek word "bidus," meaning "twice" or "two," possibly referring to its distinctive two-lobed leaves. The bur marigold was also used in wedding rituals to symbolize fertility and prosperity.

The symbolic meanings of Bidens tripartita vary across cultures. In ancient Greek and Roman cultures, the plant represented fertility and prosperity. In some African cultures, the bur marigold is associated with good luck and abundance. In European folklore, the plant is said to bring good fortune and protect against evil spirits.

Bidens tripartita is mentioned in several historical texts, including the 16th-century herbalism text "De Materia Medica" by the Greek physician Dioscorides. The text describes the plant's medicinal properties and uses. Another reference is found in the 17th-century English herbalist John Gerard's "Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes," which describes the plant's use in traditional medicine.

The bur marigold has been depicted in various historical artifacts, including ancient Greek and Roman pottery and coins. The plant's image was often used in traditional European textiles and ceramics. In some African cultures, the bur marigold is used in traditional clothing and adornments, reflecting its importance in these societies.