southern tsangshu

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• southern tsangshu
• White atractylodes

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Atractylis ovata f. simplicifolia
• Atractylis chinensis f. simplicifolia
• Atractylis chinensis var. simplicifolia
• Atractylodes chinensis var. simplicifolia
• Atractylis lyrata
• Acarna lancea
• Acarna ovata
• Atractylis lancea f. lyrata
• Atractylis chinensis
• Atractylis lyrata f. ternata
• Atractylodes chinensis
• Atractylodes lancea var. chinensis
• Atractylis chinensis var. liaotungensis
• Giraldia stapfii
• Atractylis japonica
• Atractylodes chinensis f. quinqueloba
• Atractylis ovata f. lyratifolia
• Atractylodes chinensis f. simplicifolia
• Atractylis ovata var. simplicifolia
• Atractylis separata
• Atractylodes erosodentata
• Atractylodes chinensis var. liaotungensis
• Atractylis ovata f. amurensis
• Atractylis chinensis f. erosodentata
• Atractylis chinensis f. stapfii
• Atractylis chinensis var. loeseneri
• Atractylis chinensis var. liatungensis
• Atractylodes lancea var. simplicifolia
• Atractylis chinensis var. quiqueloba
• Atractylodes lancea subsp. luotianensis
• Atractylodes japonica
• Atractylodes japponica var. coriacea
• Atractylis ovata f. pinnatifolia
• Atractylis pinnatifolia
• Atractylodes amurensis
• Atractylis lancea
• Atractylis ovata
• Acarna chinensis
• Atractylodes ovata
• Atractylodes lyrata
• Atractylis ovata var. ternata
• Atractylodes chinensis f. erosodentata
• Atractylodes lyrata var. ternata
• Atractylis erosodentata

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant, Atractylodes lancea, belongs to the kingdom Plantae within the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. It is further classified under the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Asterales. Ultimately, it is a member of the family Asteraceae and the genus Atractylodes.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad geographical distribution across several distinct regions in East Asia. In the Russian Far East, its presence is documented within the Amur, Khabarovsk, and Primorye territories. Moving southward, the species can be found throughout the South-Central regions of China. It also extends its range northward into the Inner Mongolia region of China. Consequently, these diverse locations highlight the wide environmental adaptability of Atractylodes lancea.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Atractylodes lancea is characterized by its preference for specific forest environments, where it is commonly found inhabiting dense forests as well as the transitional zones of forest edges. This species thrives within a distinct altitudinal band, maintaining an elevational range that begins at a minimum of 200 m AMSL and extends up to a maximum of 800 m AMSL. Throughout its natural distribution, the plant occupies a middle ground within this vertical gradient, with a mean elevation of approximately 500 m AMSL, reflecting its adaptation to the specific microclimates and light availability found within these woodland habitats.

Elevational range max:

800 m AMSL

Elevational range mean:

500 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

200 m AMSL

Habitat :

forest, forest edges

Life history

The life history of Atractylodes lancea is characterized by its nature as a perennial herb, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons. Throughout its life cycle, the plant establishes a robust presence in its natural habitat, typically developing a thick, fleshy rhizome that serves as a vital storage organ for nutrients and energy. This perennial habit enables the plant to endure unfavorable environmental conditions and regrow when conditions become favorable. The development process involves a vegetative phase where the plant focuses on root and rhizome expansion, followed by a reproductive phase where it produces inflorescences. Because it is a perennial, its life history is marked by cyclical patterns of growth, dormancy, and reproduction, ensuring long-term survival and stability within its ecological niche.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Atractylodes lancea is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody herb, specifically categorized as a forb. It is a self-supporting plant that does not exhibit climbing habits. In terms of stature, the plant typically reaches a mean height of 0.6 m, though individual specimens can range in height from a minimum of 0.4 m to a maximum of 0.8 m.

Climber :

self-supporting

Growth form :

herb

Plant height max:

0.8 m

Plant height mean:

0.6 m

Plant height min:

0.4 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Atractylodes lancea is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its carbon fixation processes and metabolic efficiency. The vegetative structure features leaves that exhibit an ovate form with distinct toothed margins, lacking any leaf thorns but possessing leaf spines. The morphological dimensions of the foliage vary significantly, with leaf lengths ranging from a minimum of 3 cm to a mean of 7.5 cm, reaching a maximum of 12 cm. Correspondingly, the leaf width fluctuates between a minimum of 2 cm and a maximum of 8 cm, maintaining a mean width of approximately 3 cm.

Leaf form :

ovate

Leaf length max:

12 cm

Leaf length mean:

7.5 cm

Leaf length min:

3 cm

Leaf margin :

toothed

Leaf spines :

yes

Leaf thorns :

no

Leaf width max:

8 cm

Leaf width mean:

3 cm

Leaf width min:

2 cm

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Atractylodes lancea is characterized by a specific flowering period and the development of distinct fruit structures. The flowering process is concentrated primarily in August, though the timing can be variable across different cycles. Following successful pollination, the plant produces fruits that exhibit highly consistent dimensions; the fruit length is uniform, with a minimum, mean, and maximum measurement all recorded at 0.5 cm.

Flowering time :

Aug

Fruit length max:

0.5 cm

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Atractylodes lancea has 3 reported plant parts identified across 29 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include rhizome, root, leaf.

Rhizome

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
2. Frontiers in plant science
3. PloS one
4. Fitoterapia
5. Food science and biotechnology

Root

1. Journal of chromatography. A
2. PloS one
3. Applied microbiology and biotechnology
4. Phytotherapy research : PTR
5. Plant biotechnology journal

Leaf

1. Frontiers in plant science
2. Data in brief

Chemicals

Atractylodes lancea has 85 reported phytochemicals identified across 29 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Atractylon, Hinesol, Atractylodin, Volatile oil, beta-Eudesmol.

Atractylon

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of separation science
3. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
4. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
5. International journal of molecular sciences

Hinesol

1. Dr. Duke
2. International journal of molecular sciences
3. Tropical medicine and health
4. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
5. Frontiers in genetics

Atractylodin

1. Dr. Duke
2. Planta medica
3. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
4. BMC plant biology
5. Open life sciences

Volatile oil

1. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology
2. Frontiers in plant science
3. BMC plant biology
4. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
5. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

beta-Eudesmol

1. Dr. Duke
2. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
3. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica
4. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
5. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Atractylone

1. Dr. Duke
2. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
3. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
4. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Elemol

1. Dr. Duke
2. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
3. Frontiers in genetics
4. International journal of biological macromolecules

Sesquiterpenes

1. International journal of molecular sciences
2. BMC plant biology
3. Frontiers in genetics
4. Bioscience reports

Sesquiterpenoid

1. Planta
2. BMC plant biology
3. Scientific reports
4. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB

Atractylenolide I

1. Journal of separation science
2. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
3. Chemistry & biodiversity

Activities

Atractylodes lancea has 181 reported activities identified across 29 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antibacterial, Antidepressant, Antihypertensive, Antiviral, Diuretic.

Antibacterial

1. Dr. Duke
2. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Antidepressant

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of AOAC International

Antihypertensive

1. Dr. Duke
2. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Antiviral

1. Journal of AOAC International
2. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Diuretic

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Hepatoprotective

1. Dr. Duke
2. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

ACE-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

ATPase-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

Analgesic

1. Dr. Duke

Medicinal Uses

Atractylodes lancea has 30 reported medicinal uses identified across 29 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include cholangiocarcinoma, night blindness, rheumatic diseases, viral infections, Absidia.

Most Reported Uses

Preparations