Arum maculatum
Lords and ladies
Arum maculatum, commonly known as Lords-and-Ladies or Cuckoo-pint, is a striking perennial herb native to Europe. Characterized by its unique spadix and spathe, this plant is historically significant in folk medicine. However, caution is essential, as all parts contain calcium oxalate crystals, making it highly toxic if ingested.
- Scientific name: Arum maculatum
- Family: Araceae
- Native range: Europe
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae within the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. It is further classified under the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Alismatalees, falling into the family Araceae. Ultimately, its taxonomic identity is defined by the genus Arum.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Alismatales | WCVP |
| Family | Araceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Arum | WCVP |
Common Names
This plant, scientifically known as Arum maculatum, is recognized by various regional names across different languages. In Poland, it is referred to as obrazki plamiste, while in Arabic, it is known as کاری (Karî). In Russia, the plant is called Аронник пятнистый, and among Serbian speakers using the Cyrillic alphabet, it is known as Kozlac.| Language | Common Name | Source |
|---|---|---|
| pl | obrazki plamiste | Wikidata |
| ku-arab | کاری | Wikidata |
| ku-latn | Karî | Wikidata |
| ru | Аронник пятнистый | Wikidata |
| sr-el | Kozlac | Wikidata |
| sr-ec | Козлац | Wikidata |
| fi | täplämunkinhuppu | Wikidata |
| hu | foltos kontyvirág | Wikidata |
| de | Gefleckter Aronstab | Wikidata |
| cs | árón plamatý | Wikidata |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a widespread presence across several regions of the European continent. In Northern Europe, its range extends through the coastal and inland landscapes of Denmark and Great Britain. It can also be found growing within the natural habitats of Ireland. Moving further north, the species is documented to inhabit parts of Sweden. Finally, its distribution reaches into Middle Europe, specifically within the borders of Austria.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Europe | Denmark | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Great Britain | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Ireland | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Sweden | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Austria | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Belgium | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Czechia-Slovakia | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Germany | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Hungary | WCVP |
| Middle Europe | Netherlands | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, known scientifically as Arum maculatum, features distinct leaves that are central to its morphological identification. The leaves are typically large, heart-shaped, or arrow-shaped, characterized by a prominent pattern of dark green blotches or spots on their surface, which gives the species its name. These leaves are arranged in a basal rosette, growing directly from the underground rhizome, and they serve to capture sunlight for the plant's energy production while providing a lush, textured appearance to its natural habitat.- Total parts
- 1
- Scientific sources
- 2
| Plant Part | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| leaves | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Arum maculatum has 4 reported phytochemicals identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include flavonoid, flavonoids, tannins, tocopherols.
- Total chemicals
- 4
- Scientific sources
- 4
Most Reported Compounds
| Compound | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| flavonoid | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| flavonoids | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| tannins | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| tocopherols | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Activities
Arum maculatum has 3 reported activities identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Hepatoprotective.
- Total activities
- 3
- Scientific sources
- 4
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antimicrobial | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Hepatoprotective | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Arum maculatum has 4 reported medicinal uses identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include digestive system disorders, liver cirrhosis, liver diseases, ulcerative colitis.
- Total uses
- 4
- Scientific sources
- 4
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| digestive system disorders | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| liver cirrhosis | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| liver diseases | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ulcerative colitis | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |