Artocarpus tonkinensis

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Sources: Wikidata

Distribution

This plant exhibits a specific geographical distribution across parts of East and Southeast Asia. Within China, it can be found throughout the South-Central and Southeast regions. Its range extends further into the Indo-China peninsula, covering several distinct countries. Specifically, the species is documented to grow in Cambodia and Laos. Finally, its presence is also confirmed within the borders of Vietnam.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Artocarpus tonkinensis is characterized by a long-term developmental strategy, as it is a perennial species capable of persisting in its environment over many years. As a phanerophyte, the plant maintains its photosynthetic organs high above the ground on woody stems, a life form that allows it to dominate upper canopy layers or sub-canopy strata. This phanerophyte classification, observed through both its primary life form and structural growth patterns, ensures that the plant's buds are protected during unfavorable seasons, facilitating a stable and continuous existence within its native ecosystem.

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Artocarpus tonkinensis is characterized by its robust growth form as a woody tree. It is a terrestrial, self-supporting plant that functions independently, lacking any parasitic or epiphytic tendencies. In terms of stature, the species reaches significant dimensions, with a plant height ranging from a minimum of 14 meters to a maximum of 16 meters, maintaining an average height of approximately 15 meters.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

16 m

Plant height mean:

15 m

Plant height min:

14 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Artocarpus tonkinensis is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, indicating a standard carbon fixation process typical of many tropical woody species. The plant's vegetative structure includes leaves that vary in size, with a mean leaf length of 14 cm (ranging from a minimum of 8 cm to a maximum of 20 cm) and a mean leaf width of 7 cm (ranging from a minimum of 4 cm to a maximum of 10 cm). In terms of structural composition, the species exhibits a mean stem specific density (SSD) of 570 mg/cm³, which contributes to its overall physical integrity and wood properties. Furthermore, Artocarpus tonkinensis does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it relies on external soil nitrogen sources rather than symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria for its nutritional requirements.

Leaf length max:

20 cm

Leaf length mean:

14 cm

Leaf length min:

8 cm

Leaf width max:

10 cm

Leaf width mean:

7 cm

Leaf width min:

4 cm

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Stem specific density (SSD) mean:

570 mg/cm³

Reproduction

The reproduction of Artocarpus tonkinensis is characterized by specific morphological dimensions of its reproductive structures, beginning with its inflorescence. The inflorescence is notably small, with lengths ranging from a minimum of 0.01 m to a maximum of 0.015 m. Following successful pollination, the plant produces fruits that exhibit consistent sizing. These fruits typically measure between a minimum length of 1.2 cm and a maximum length of 1.5 cm, maintaining an average fruit length of approximately 1.35 cm.

Fruit length max:

1.5 cm

Fruit length mean:

1.35 cm

Fruit length min:

1.2 cm

Inflorescence length max:

0.015 m

Inflorescence length min:

0.01 m

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Artocarpus tonkinensis has 2 reported plant parts identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, stem.

Leaf

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
2. Natural product research
3. Frontiers in pharmacology

Stem

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
2. Natural product research

Conditions

Artocarpus tonkinensis has 4 reported investigations on conditions identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include arthritis, backache, collagen-induced arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis

1. Natural product communications
2. Frontiers in pharmacology

Backache

1. Natural product communications
2. Frontiers in pharmacology

Collagen-induced arthritis

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Rheumatoid arthritis

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Preparations

Artocarpus tonkinensis has 3 reported preparations identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include 90% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves, decoction of its leaves, leaf decoction.

90% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Decoction of its leaves

1. Natural product communications

Leaf decoction

1. Frontiers in pharmacology