monkey fruit

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Prainea rumphiana
• Saccus lakoocha
• Artocarpus cumingianus var. stenophyllus
• Artocarpus ficifolius
• Artocarpus yunnanensis
• Artocarpus lakoocha

Sources: Wikidata

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Rosales and family Moraceae, it is classified under the genus Artocarpus.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a widespread presence across several key regions in Asia. In China, its distribution is specifically noted within the South-Central areas. Within the Indian Subcontinent, it can be found in various locations including Assam and Bangladesh. Additionally, the species is common throughout India and the East Himalaya region. Together, these locations highlight its significant geographical range across South and East Asia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Artocarpus lacucha is characterized by its status as a perennial species, allowing it to persist and maintain its biological functions over many years. Throughout its existence, the plant exhibits a deciduous nature, undergoing periodic shedding of its foliage as part of its seasonal physiological cycles.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Artocarpus lacucha is characterized by its growth form as a large, woody tree that can reach a mean height of approximately 15 m. As a terrestrial species, it grows independently without being an epiphyte or a parasite, maintaining a self-supporting structure rather than behaving as a liana or vine. Its physical constitution is robust and woody, providing the necessary structural integrity for its upright, arboreal habit.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height mean:

15 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Artocarpus lacucha is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its carbon fixation processes and metabolic efficiency within its specific ecological niche. In terms of structural density, the plant exhibits a stem specific density (SSD) with a mean value of 650 mg/cm³, reflecting its internal tissue composition and mechanical strength. Furthermore, the species does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it relies on the uptake of available nitrogen from the soil rather than through symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Stem specific density (SSD) mean:

650 mg/cm³

Reproduction

The reproduction of Artocarpus lacucha is characterized by the production of fleshy fruits that serve as the primary vessel for seed dispersal. Within these fleshy fruits, the seeds exhibit specific morphological dimensions, with volumes ranging from a minimum of 110 mm³ to a maximum of 300 mm³, resulting in an average seed volume of approximately 213.33 mm³. The mass of these seeds is relatively consistent and lightweight, with a minimum recorded mass of 0.377 g and a maximum of 0.3787 g, yielding a mean seed mass of 0.37785 g. These precise physical traits of the seeds and the fleshy nature of the fruit are critical components of the plant's reproductive strategy and dispersal mechanism.

Fruit dryness :

fleshy

Seed mass max:

0.3787 g

Seed mass mean:

0.37785 g

Seed mass min:

0.377 g

Seed volume max:

300 mm³

Seed volume mean:

213.333333333333 mm³

Seed volume min:

110 mm³

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Artocarpus lacucha has 1 reported plant parts identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root.

Root

1. Journal of natural products

Chemicals

Artocarpus lacucha has 4 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Oxyresveratrol, 2,4,3',5'-Tetrahydroxystilbene, Peroxidase, heme.

Oxyresveratrol

1. Journal of natural medicines
2. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
3. Antiviral research

2,4,3',5'-Tetrahydroxystilbene

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Peroxidase

1. Frontiers in plant science

heme

1. Frontiers in plant science

Activities

Artocarpus lacucha has 11 reported activities identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, Neuroprotective, Analgesic.

Antioxidant

1. Journal of natural medicines
2. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
3. Journal of experimental pharmacology
4. Current pharmaceutical design

Antibacterial

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Journal of experimental pharmacology

Cytotoxic

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Journal of natural products

Neuroprotective

1. Journal of natural medicines
2. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Analgesic

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Antiglycation

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Antinociceptive

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Antiproliferative

1. Current pharmaceutical design

Antiviral

1. Journal of natural medicines

Hepatoprotective

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Conditions

Artocarpus lacucha has 7 reported investigations on conditions identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include antioxidant, analgesic, antioxidant activity, antiviral, cholesterol.

Antioxidant

1. Journal of natural medicines
2. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Analgesic

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Antioxidant activity

1. Journal of experimental pharmacology

Antiviral

1. Journal of natural medicines

Cholesterol

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Obesity

1. Journal of experimental pharmacology

Wound healing

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Preparations

Artocarpus lacucha has 6 reported preparations identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include extracts, crude aqueous extract, latex, methanolic extracts, oxyresveratrol.

Extracts

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences
2. Journal of medical virology

Crude aqueous extract

1. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet

Latex

1. Frontiers in plant science

Methanolic extracts

1. Journal of experimental pharmacology

Oxyresveratrol

1. Antiviral research

Roots

1. Journal of natural products