Terap

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Terap

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Saccus blumei
• Saccus kunstleri
• Saccus elasticus
• Artocarpus blumei
• Artocarpus kunstleri

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae within the phylum Streptophyta and is classified under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Following the order Rosalales, it is a member of the family Moraceae and is specifically identified under the genus Artocarpus.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad geographical distribution across several key regions in Southeast Asia. Within the Indo-China region, it can be found growing in Myanmar and Thailand. Its presence extends significantly into the Malesia zone, where it inhabits the island of Borneo. Additionally, the species is widely distributed across Jawa. Finally, the plant reaches the Lesser Sunda Islands, completing its diverse range across the archipelago.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Artocarpus elasticus is characterized by its nature as a perennial species, allowing it to maintain a stable presence within its ecosystem over many years. As an evergreen plant, it does not undergo a seasonal shedding of its foliage, ensuring that its canopy remains dense and functional throughout various climatic shifts. This continuous vegetative state supports its long-term development and reproductive capabilities, contributing to its enduring role in its natural habitat.

Deciduousness :

evergreen

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Artocarpus elasticus is characterized by its robust growth form as a woody tree. This species reaches a significant stature, with a plant height that can attain a maximum of 45 m, maintaining an average height of approximately 45 m. Unlike climbing species, it is categorized as a self-supporting plant rather than an obligatory or facultative liana or vine. Furthermore, it is a terrestrial organism, lacking any epiphytic tendencies such as hemi-epiphytic or holo-epiphytic growth stages.

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Plant height mean:

45 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Artocarpus elasticus is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which governs its carbon fixation and energy production processes. The plant exhibits specific structural dimensions in its foliage, with an average leaf length of 72.8 cm and an average leaf width of 55 cm, supported by a mean leaf thickness of 0.022 mm. Regarding its structural composition, the stem specific density (SSD) varies across a range, with a minimum value of 350 mg/cm³, a maximum value of 380 mg/cm³, and a calculated mean density of 363.333333333333 mg/cm³. Additionally, this species does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it relies on external soil nutrients rather than symbiotic nitrogen fixation to meet its nitrogen requirements.

Leaf length mean:

72.8 cm

Leaf thickness mean:

0.022 mm

Leaf width mean:

55 cm

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Stem specific density (SSD) max:

380 mg/cm³

Stem specific density (SSD) mean:

363.333333333333 mg/cm³

Stem specific density (SSD) min:

350 mg/cm³

Reproduction

The reproduction of Artocarpus elasticus is characterized by the development of fleshy fruits that contain specialized seeds with distinct morphological properties. These seeds exhibit a highly consistent mass, maintaining a mean, minimum, and maximum value of 0.15 g. In terms of physical dimensions, the seeds possess a mean length of 11.8 mm and can reach a maximum width of 10.3 mm and a maximum height of 7.8 mm. The volumetric capacity of the seeds varies within a specific range, with a minimum volume of 540 mm³, a maximum volume of 590 mm³, and an overall mean volume of 565 mm³. This combination of a fleshy fruit structure and precisely sized, relatively uniform seeds facilitates the plant's dispersal and propagation processes.

Fruit dryness :

fleshy

Seed height max:

7.8 mm

Seed length mean:

11.8 mm

Seed mass mean:

0.15 g

Seed volume max:

590 mm³

Seed volume mean:

565 mm³

Seed volume min:

540 mm³

Seed width max:

10.3 mm

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Artocarpus elasticus has 1 reported plant parts identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root.

Root

1. PloS one
2. Journal of natural products

Chemicals

Artocarpus elasticus has 6 reported phytochemicals identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Artelasticinol, Artelastoheterol, Artelastoxanthone, Artonin E, Cycloartelastoxanthendiol.

Artelasticinol

1. Journal of natural products

Artelastoheterol

1. Journal of natural products

Artelastoxanthone

1. Journal of natural products

Artonin E

1. PloS one

Cycloartelastoxanthendiol

1. Journal of natural products

Cycloartelastoxanthone

1. Journal of natural products

Conditions

Artocarpus elasticus has 1 reported investigations on conditions identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include triple negative breast cancer.

Triple negative breast cancer

1. PloS one

Preparations

Artocarpus elasticus has 2 reported preparations identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include root bark, barks.

Root bark

1. PloS one
2. Journal of natural products

Barks

1. Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry