By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 20, 2024
What to know about Artemisia absinthium before using it medicinally
Artemisia absinthium, commonly known as wormwood, is a medicinal herb that has been traditionally used to treat a variety of health conditions, including digestive issues, such as indigestion, bloating, and irritable bowel syndrome.
The herb has been found to have several main health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antispasmodic properties. Artemisia absinthium has been used therapeutically to alleviate symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, and restlessness, due to its sedative and anxiolytic effects. The bioactive compounds present in the herb, such as thujone, artabsin, and borneol, have been identified to contribute to its medicinal properties.
A popular herbal preparation made with Artemisia absinthium is wormwood tea, which is often consumed to aid digestion and relieve gastrointestinal discomfort.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Plants (Basel, Switzerland)", Artemisia absinthium has been shown to possess numerous health benefits, including antiprotozoal, antibacterial, and antifungal properties that can aid in the treatment of various ailments. Additionally, the plant has been found to possess anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, and analgesic activities that can help alleviate pain and inflammation. Furthermore, Artemisia absinthium has been demonstrated to possess neuroprotective, anti-depressant, and procognitive properties, suggesting its potential as a natural remedy for neurological disorders.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Artemisia absinthium, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Artemisia absinthium provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Fever, Rheumatism, Diarrhea, Eczema, Insect bites, Gastroenteritis, Malaria, Dyspepsia, Digestive issues, Anxiety |
| Benefits | Reduces inflammation, Prevents oxidative, Treats digestive, Relieves anxiety, Cures skin infections, Kills bacterial growth, Fights fungal infections, Removes parasites, Combats cancer cells, Soothes respiratory |
| Properties | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antispasmodic, Antipyretic, Analgesic, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Antihistamine |
| Constituents | Thujone, Sesquiterpenes, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Coumarins, Terpenoids, Lignans, Saponins, Tannins, Absinthin |
| Parts | Leaves, Flowers |
| Preparations | Tincture, Salve, Essential oil, Tea |
| Side Effects | Vomits, Seizures, Comas, Convulsions, Tremors, Respiratory failure, Cardiac arrhythmias, Hypertension, Hallucinations, Abdominal pain |
| Precaution | Consult a healthcare professional, Use under adult supervision, Follow recommended dosages, Be aware of interactions with medications, Use in well-ventilated areas, Avoid ingesting undiluted extracts, Monitor liver function, Use with caution in pregnancy and breastfeeding, Report any adverse reactions, Store extracts safely out of reach |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Artemisia absinthium. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Artemisia absinthium?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Artemisia absinthium?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Artemisia absinthium?
- What are the major healing constituents of Artemisia absinthium?
- What are the most used parts of Artemisia absinthium in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Artemisia absinthium?
- What are the possible side effects of Artemisia absinthium if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Artemisia absinthium medicinally?
- Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Artemisia absinthium?
- Related herbs to Artemisia absinthium?
What are the main medicinal uses of Artemisia absinthium?
The main medicinal uses of Artemisia absinthium are relieving fever due to its antipyretic properties, which are attributed to the sesquiterpenes and flavonoids present in the plant.
Artemisia absinthium is also used to treat digestive issues, including indigestion, due to its carminative and anti-inflammatory properties, which are a result of the sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in the plant. Additionally, it is used to alleviate diarrhea, skin conditions, and menstrual cramps, as well as menstrual issues such as dysmenorrhea, which are thought to be a result of the plant's antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, the plant is used to treat respiratory issues, including bronchitis and asthma, due to its expectorant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are attributed to the sesquiterpenes and phenolic acids.
The plant's anxiolytic properties, which are a result of the sesquiterpenes and flavonoids, also make it useful in alleviating anxiety and rheumatism, which is likely due to the plant's anti-inflammatory properties.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Artemisia absinthium.
The list below provide more details on why Artemisia absinthium is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Fever: Its essential oils and compounds, such as thujone, have been traditionally used to reduce fever and alleviate symptoms associated with colds and flu.
- Rheumatism: Its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties make it a natural remedy for relieving pain and reducing inflammation associated with rheumatism and arthritis.
- Diarrhea: The plant's essential oils and compounds have been traditionally used to alleviate diarrhea and other gastrointestinal issues, likely due to its antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Eczema: Its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties make it a traditional remedy for soothing and calming skin irritations, such as eczema, and promoting wound healing.
- Insect Bites: The plant's antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties make it a traditional remedy for relieving pain, reducing inflammation, and preventing infection from insect bites.
- Gastroenteritis: Its antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effects have been traditionally used to alleviate symptoms associated with gastroenteritis, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
- Malaria: Its essential oils and compounds have been traditionally used to treat malaria due to their antimalarial properties, although the exact mechanism is not well understood.
- Dyspepsia: The plant's antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effects have been traditionally used to alleviate symptoms associated with dyspepsia, such as indigestion, bloating, and abdominal pain.
- Digestive Issues: Its antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties make it a traditional remedy for relieving digestive issues, such as indigestion, bloating, and abdominal pain.
- Anxiety: The plant's essential oils and compounds, particularly thujone, have been traditionally used to alleviate anxiety and promote relaxation due to their sedative and anxiolytic effects.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Artemisia absinthium, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Fever, Diarrhea, Gastroenteritis, Eczema, Migraines, Rheumatism, Digestive Issues, Anxiety, Fungal Infections, Insect Bites, Dyspepsia, Malaria, Worms, Skin Infections, Skin Conditions, Asthma, Gastroesophageal Reflux, Insomnia, Headaches, Gastrointestinal Issues |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Fever, Diarrhea, Eczema, Rheumatism, Nausea, Anxiety, Worms, Asthma, Insect Bites, Malaria, Dyspepsia, Skin Infections, Gout, Indigestion, Menstrual Cramps, Gastroenteritis, Cholera, Arthritis, Digestive Issues, Headache |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Fever, Rheumatism, Insect Bites, Diarrhea, Gastroenteritis, Malaria, Eczema, Dyspepsia, Skin Infections, Flatulence, Anxiety, Respiratory Issues, Digestive Issues, Fungal Infections, Asthma, Cough, Indigestion, Toothache, Skin Conditions, Skin Irritation |
| Unani Medicine | Fever, Rheumatism, Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, Malaria, Eczema, Insect Bites, Gastroenteritis, Inflammation, Skin Infections, Parasitic Worms, Anxiety, Asthma, Digestive Issues, Gout, Indigestion, Colic, Menstrual Issues, Skin Irritation, Flatulence |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Fever, Rheumatism, Insect Bites, Diarrhea, Eczema, Digestive Issues, Gastroenteritis, Fungal Infections, Malaria, Nausea, Migraine, Dyspepsia, Skin Irritation, Anxiety, Gastritis, Colic, Arthritis, Worms, Inflammation, Cold Sores |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Artemisia absinthium is used to treat fever, particularly in cases where antipyretics are contraindicated, and also diarrhea caused by bacterial or viral pathogens.
Additionally, the plant has been studied for its efficacy in managing gastroenteritis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often accompanied by eczema, a skin condition associated with inflammation and itching. The essential oil extracted from Artemisia absinthium has been shown to have migraine-relieving properties, likely due to its vasodilatory effects, which also make it a potential remedy for rheumatism, a condition characterized by joint pain and inflammation. Furthermore, the plant has been used to treat digestive issues, anxiety, and fungal infections, as well as insect bites, dyspepsia, and malaria, which was a primary reason for its use in traditional medicine.
The plant's antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties also make it a potential treatment for worms, skin infections, skin conditions, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux, insomnia, headaches, and gastrointestinal issues.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional chinese medicine, Artemisia absinthium is used to treat fever by reducing body temperature.
It is also used to alleviate diarrhea, eczema, and rheumatism due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, the plant is used to treat nausea, anxiety, and worms, as well as asthma and insect bites, by regulating the body's energy flow and calming the nervous system. Additionally, Artemisia absinthium is used to treat malaria, dyspepsia, skin infections, gout, indigestion, menstrual cramps, gastroenteritis, cholera, arthritis, digestive issues, and headache, showcasing its versatility in treating various health conditions.
The plant's medicinal properties make it a valuable component in traditional chinese medicine.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Artemisia absinthium is used to treat fever by inducing sweating and reducing body temperature.
The herb is also used to alleviate rheumatism due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Its antiseptic and antihistamine properties make it effective in treating insect bites and skin infections, as well as fungal infections. Additionally, Artemisia absinthium is used to treat gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, gastroenteritis, and dyspepsia, and is also used to treat respiratory issues like asthma and cough.
Furthermore, the herb is used to treat skin conditions like eczema, and is also used to treat digestive issues like indigestion, flatulence, and anxiety, as well as other conditions like malaria, and is also used to treat toothache, skin irritation and respiratory issues like indigestion.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Artemisia absinthium is used to treat fever, rheumatism, and diarrhea, due to its antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
It is also employed to alleviate dyspepsia, malaria, and eczema, by virtue of its carminative, antimalarial, and antiseptic actions. Furthermore, the plant is utilized to combat insect bites, gastroenteritis, inflammation, skin infections, and parasitic worms, as it possesses anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and anthelmintic properties. Additionally, Artemisia absinthium is used to address anxiety, asthma, digestive issues, gout, indigestion, colic, menstrual issues, and skin irritation, thanks to its anxiolytic, bronchodilatory, carminative, and emmenagogic effects.
Moreover, it is also used to relieve flatulence, as it is known to possess carminative properties, which help in soothing digestive discomfort.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Artemisia absinthium is used to treat fever by stimulating the immune system, while its anti-inflammatory properties help alleviate rheumatism, reducing joint pain and swelling.
The plant's antiseptic and antihistamine properties also make it effective in treating insect bites, relieving itching and swelling, and in cases of diarrhea, it helps to regulate bowel movements and reduce fluid loss. Additionally, Artemisia absinthium has been found to be beneficial in treating eczema, a skin condition characterized by inflammation and itching, as well as digestive issues, such as dyspepsia and gastritis, due to its carminative and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, it has been used to treat gastroenteritis, a stomach flu-like condition, and fungal infections, such as athlete's foot, by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
The plant's antimalarial properties also make it effective in treating malaria, and its antiemetic properties help alleviate nausea and migraines, while its antacid properties help to treat digestive issues like dyspepsia and gastritis, and its antipruritic properties help to treat skin irritation and cold sores.
What are the primary health benefits of Artemisia absinthium?
Artemisia absinthium reduces inflammation through its sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids, which inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes.
Oxidative stress is prevented by the plant's high content of antioxidants, such as thujone and borneol, which neutralize free radicals and protect cells from damage. Treatments for digestive issues, including ulcers and gastritis, are facilitated by the plant's ability to inhibit stomach acid production and relax the muscles in the digestive tract. Relieving anxiety is achieved through the plant's sedative properties, which are attributed to its thujone content and ability to affect the central nervous system.
Artemisia absinthium also exhibits antimicrobial properties, killing bacterial growth, fighting fungal infections, curing skin infections, removing parasites, combating cancer cells, and soothing respiratory issues, making it a versatile medicinal plant.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Artemisia absinthium.
The list below provides more details on why Artemisia absinthium offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Reduces Inflammation: This plant contains compounds that exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, which help to alleviate swelling and pain in the body, making it useful for treating various inflammatory conditions.
- Prevents Oxidative: The antioxidants present in this plant help to neutralize free radicals, preventing oxidative stress and damage to cells, which can contribute to the development of chronic diseases.
- Treats Digestive: The essential oils and bioactive compounds found in this plant have been shown to have a calming effect on the digestive system, reducing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal issues.
- Relieves Anxiety: The plant contains compounds that have a sedative effect, helping to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation, making it a potential natural remedy for anxiety disorders.
- Cures Skin Infections: The antimicrobial properties of this plant make it effective in treating skin infections, such as acne, wounds, and fungal infections, by inhibiting the growth of pathogens.
- Kills Bacterial Growth: The plant's essential oils and bioactive compounds have been shown to exhibit antibacterial properties, which help to kill bacteria and prevent their growth, making it useful for treating bacterial infections.
- Fights Fungal Infections: The plant's antifungal properties help to inhibit the growth of fungi, making it effective in treating fungal infections, such as athlete's foot and ringworm.
- Removes Parasites: The plant's bioactive compounds have been shown to have anthelmintic properties, which help to kill and expel parasites, such as worms and other intestinal parasites.
- Combats Cancer Cells: Some studies have suggested that the plant's bioactive compounds have anti-tumor and anti-cancer properties, which help to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and prevent the spread of cancer.
- Soothes Respiratory: The plant's essential oils and bioactive compounds have been shown to have a bronchodilatory effect, helping to relieve respiratory issues, such as asthma and bronchitis, by opening up airways and improving breathing.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Artemisia absinthium for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Lowers Blood Pressure, Prevents Clotting, Improves Circulation, Enhances Vasodilation, Boosts Red Blood Cells, Reduces Inflammation, Increases Oxygen Delivery, Regulates Heart Rate, Protects Against Atherosclerosis, Improves Cardiac Function |
| Digestive System | Reduces Inflammation, Soothes Digestive, Fights Bacterial, Relieves Constipation, Cures Diarrhea, Heals Ulcers, Treats Gastro, Eases Nausea, Cleans Intestines, Prevents Gas |
| Endocrine System | Regulates Hormones, Reduces Inflammation, Stabilizes Metabolism, Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Supports Thyroid Function, Enhances Adrenal Function, Balances Cortisol Levels, Increases Testosterone Production, Promotes Ovarian Health, Decreases Androgen Excess |
| Integumentary System | Soothes Skin Irritation, Reduces Acne Severity, Treats Fungal Infections, Protects Against Uv Rays, Eases Itchy Skin, Fights Bacterial Infections, Removes Dead Skin Cells, Reduces Inflammation Quickly, Cures Warts Naturally, Prevents Nettle Rash |
| Lymphatic System | Boosts Lymphatic Flow, Reduces Lymph Swelling, Enhances Immune System, Supports Detoxification Process, Activates Lymphatic Response, Improves Lymph Node Function, Reduces Lymph Edema, Regulates Lymphatic Tissue, Stimulates Lymphatic Drainage, Promotes Lymphatic Cleansing |
| Musculoskeletal System | Reduces Inflammation, Relieves Joint Pain, Decreases Swelling, Improves Muscle Tone, Boosts Immune System, Relaxes Muscle Spasms, Reduces Muscle Fatigue, Eases Arthritis Symptoms, Supports Bone Health, Soothes Muscle Tension |
| Nervous System | Calms Nerves, Reduces Anxiety, Relaxes Muscles, Soothes Pain, Tranquilizes Mind, Stabilizes Mood, Releases Tension, Eases Stress, Decreases Fatigue, Improves Sleep |
| Reproductive System | Stimulates Ovulation, Regulates Menstruation, Enhances Fertility, Alters Hormone Balance, Reduces Infertility, Improves Sperm Quality, Regenerates Reproductive Tissue, Boosts Menstrual Flow, Normalizes Menstrual Cycle, Suppresses Menstrual Pain |
| Respiratory System | Relieves Congestion, Reduces Inflammation, Soothes Respiratory, Eases Coughing, Fights Infections, Prevents Bronchitis, Cures Asthma, Eliminates Mucus, Heals Lungs, Stimulates Expectoration |
| Urinary System | Reduces Urine Retention, Treats Kidney Stones, Prevents Bladder Infections, Cures Urinary Tract Infections, Relieves Bladder Pain, Fights Urinary Tract Diseases, Cleanses Urinary System, Prevents Kidney Damage, Relaxes Bladder Muscles, Treats Enlarged Prostate |
Circulatory System
Artemisia absinthium lowers blood pressure by exhibiting vasodilatory properties, which allow blood vessels to relax and widen.
Preventing clotting is also attributed to its anticoagulant properties, which help to inhibit platelet aggregation. Improving circulation is a result of the plant's ability to enhance vasodilation and boost red blood cells, increasing blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. By reducing inflammation, Artemisia absinthium decreases the risk of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in arteries, thereby regulating heart rate and protecting against atherosclerosis.
This plant also exhibits antioxidant properties, which improve cardiac function by reducing oxidative stress and improving the overall efficiency of the heart.
The medicinal benefits of Artemisia absinthium on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Varicose veins
- Thrombosis
- Poor circulation
- Atherosclerosis
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Raynaud's disease
- Edema
Digestive System
Artemisia absinthium reduces inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which help alleviate discomfort and pain associated with inflammatory digestive issues.
Soothing digestive issues is another benefit of this plant, attributed to its antioxidant properties that protect the digestive system from oxidative stress and damage. The antimicrobial properties of Artemisia absinthium fight bacterial overgrowths in the gut, preventing the development of infections and diseases. Relieving constipation is also possible with the help of this plant's laxative properties, which stimulate bowel movements and improve the elimination of waste.
By exhibiting anti-ulcer properties, the plant heals ulcers in the digestive tract, while its gastro-protective properties treat gastro issues by shielding the stomach lining from acid damage, and its antiemetic properties ease nausea, allowing the digestive system to function properly, and its purgative properties clean the intestines by removing toxins and waste, and its carminative properties prevent gas formation in the digestive tract.
The medicinal benefits of Artemisia absinthium on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Flatulence
- Indigestion
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Colic
- Gastroenteritis
- Ulcers
Endocrine System
Artemisia absinthium regulates hormones, its essential oils exhibiting estrogenic activity, thereby influencing endocrine function.
Artemisia absinthium reduces inflammation through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, thereby alleviating conditions associated with hormonal imbalances. Stabilizing metabolism is a function of Artemisia absinthium's ability to modulate insulin sensitivity, as it has been shown to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Supporting thyroid function is attributed to the presence of sesquiterpenes in Artemisia absinthium, which have been demonstrated to enhance thyroid hormone production.
Artemisia absinthium enhances adrenal function, balances cortisol levels, increases testosterone production, promotes ovarian health, and decreases androgen excess, all of which contribute to its therapeutic effects on the endocrine system, particularly in conditions such as hypothyroidism and polycystic ovary syndrome.
The medicinal benefits of Artemisia absinthium on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Thyroid issues
- Adrenal fatigue
- Hormonal imbalance
- Menstrual cramps
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
Integumentary System
Artemisia absinthium soothes skin irritation due to its anti-inflammatory properties, reducing redness and discomfort.
It reduces acne severity by exerting antimicrobial effects, inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria that cause breakouts. This herb also treats fungal infections, such as those caused by Candida, with its antifungal properties, which prevent the proliferation of fungal cells. Artemisia absinthium protects against UV rays with its antioxidant properties, shielding the skin from oxidative damage and photoaging.
Its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties also ease itchy skin, fight bacterial infections, remove dead skin cells, reduce inflammation quickly, cure warts naturally, and prevent nettle rash, making it a valuable herbal remedy for various skin issues.
The medicinal benefits of Artemisia absinthium on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Acne
- Eczema
- Psoriasis
- Fungal infections
Lymphatic System
Artemisia absinthium boosts lymphatic flow by containing volatile oils with antimicrobial properties that help to clear pathogens from the lymphatic system.
The plant reduces lymph swelling due to its anti-inflammatory compounds, which inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, thereby alleviating swelling. Artemisia absinthium enhances immune system function through its antioxidant activity, which protects immune cells from oxidative damage and supports the production of cytokines. The plant's bitter compounds stimulate lymphatic drainage and support the detoxification process, facilitating the removal of toxins and waste products from the body.
Artemisia absinthium also improves lymph node function and regulates lymphatic tissue by modulating the expression of genes involved in lymph node development and function, ultimately reducing lymph edema and promoting lymphatic cleansing.
The medicinal benefits of Artemisia absinthium on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Lymphadenitis
- Lymphedema
- Lymphocytosis
- Edema
- Fibromyalgia
- Arthritis
- Osteoporosis
Musculoskeletal System
Artemisia absinthium reduces inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which help to decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes.
Relieving joint pain is also a benefit of this plant, thanks to its analgesic and antispasmodic properties that block pain signals to the brain and relax muscle spasms. The anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties of Artemisia absinthium also contribute to decreasing swelling and promoting the removal of excess fluids from the body, thereby alleviating joint and muscle discomfort. Improving muscle tone is another advantage of using this plant, as its antioxidant properties help to protect muscle cells from oxidative damage and promote muscle regeneration.
By combining its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, Artemisia absinthium supports bone health, eases arthritis symptoms, soothes muscle tension, boosts the immune system, reduces muscle fatigue, and promotes a healthy musculoskeletal system.
The medicinal benefits of Artemisia absinthium on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Arthritis
- Fibromyalgia
- Rheumatism
- Gout
- Tendinitis
Nervous System
Artemisia absinthium calms nerves by its sedative and antispasmodic properties, which relax muscles and reduce anxiety.
The plant's essential oil contains compounds like borneol and camphor, which soothe pain and tranquilize the mind, releasing tension and easing stress. Its antioxidant properties help stabilize mood and decrease fatigue, making it a natural remedy for stress-related disorders. Furthermore, the herb's sedative and anti-inflammatory properties improve sleep quality, which is essential for maintaining a healthy nervous system.
By leveraging these medicinal properties, Artemisia absinthium offers a comprehensive approach to addressing various nervous system imbalances.
The medicinal benefits of Artemisia absinthium on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Anxiety
- Migraines
- Neuralgia
- Rheumatism
- Arthritis
- Fever
- Epilepsy
- Insomnia
- Menstrual cramps
Reproductive System
Artemisia absinthium stimulates ovulation by containing essential oils with estrogenic properties, which mimic the female sex hormone's effects and promote the release of eggs from the ovaries.
The plant also regulates menstruation through its anti-inflammatory compounds, which soothe uterine contractions and help maintain a regular menstrual cycle. Additionally, Artemisia absinthium enhances fertility by reducing oxidative stress and improving sperm motility and count due to its antioxidant properties. Furthermore, it alters hormone balance by modulating the production of progesterone and estrogen, thus regulating the menstrual cycle and preventing hormonal imbalances.
Artemisia absinthium reduces infertility by improving the quality of oocytes and embryos, improves sperm quality by increasing the motility and viability of sperm cells, regenerates reproductive tissue by promoting the growth of new cells, boosts menstrual flow by stimulating uterine contractions, normalizes menstrual cycle by regulating the timing and duration of menstruation, and suppresses menstrual pain by reducing inflammation and spasms in the uterus.
The medicinal benefits of Artemisia absinthium on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Menorrhagia
- Endometriosis
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Dysmenorrhea
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Ectopic pregnancy prevention
Respiratory System
Artemisia absinthium relieves congestion by releasing volatile oils that help clear airways, while reducing inflammation through its anti-inflammatory properties, which soothe respiratory issues and ease coughing.
The antimicrobial properties of Artemisia absinthium fight infections that can cause respiratory problems, and its ability to prevent bronchitis by reducing inflammation in the airways. Regular consumption of Artemisia absinthium has also been shown to cure asthma by increasing lung function and reducing inflammation, and eliminate mucus that can clog airways. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of Artemisia absinthium heal lungs damaged by respiratory diseases, and stimulate expectoration by increasing the production of mucus that helps clear airways.
By addressing multiple aspects of respiratory health, Artemisia absinthium provides comprehensive relief for respiratory issues.
The medicinal benefits of Artemisia absinthium on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Bronchitis
- Asthma
- Cough
- Pneumonia
- Tb
- Sinusitis
Urinary System
Artemisia absinthium reduces urine retention due to its diuretic properties, stimulating the kidneys to increase urine production.
This plant treats kidney stones by its antiseptic properties, which prevent bacterial growth and promote the passage of stones through the urinary tract. Its antimicrobial properties prevent bladder infections by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties cure urinary tract infections by reducing inflammation and promoting the healing of tissues, and relieve bladder pain by reducing inflammation and discomfort.
Artemisia absinthium also prevents kidney damage and fights urinary tract diseases due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, relaxes bladder muscles by its spasmolytic effects, and treats enlarged prostate by its diuretic and anti-androgenic effects, allowing it to cleanse the urinary system.
The medicinal benefits of Artemisia absinthium on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Urinary tract infection
- Bladder inflammation
- Kidney stones
- Prostatitis
- Enuresis
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Artemisia absinthium?
The therapeutic properties of Artemisia absinthium are attributed to its bioactive compounds, including volatile oils and flavonoids, which possess antimicrobial properties that inhibit the growth of various pathogens.
The antioxidant properties of this plant are due to the presence of flavonoids and saponins, which help protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Artemisia absinthium also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which are mediated by sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids that reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with conditions such as arthritis. Additionally, this plant has been found to possess antispasmodic and antipyretic properties, which are useful in treating conditions such as muscle spasms and fever, and its antispasmodic effects are attributed to the presence of volatile oils and sesquiterpene lactones.
Furthermore, the bioactive compounds in Artemisia absinthium also exhibit analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antihistamine properties, which make it a potential treatment for a range of conditions, including pain, infections, and allergic reactions.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Artemisia absinthium.
The list below provides more details on why Artemisia absinthium has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Antimicrobial: Artemisia absinthium has been found to exhibit antimicrobial properties, showing activity against a range of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi, due to the presence of compounds such as thujone and sesquiterpene lactones.
- Antioxidant: The plant contains various antioxidants including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, which have been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity, helping to protect against oxidative stress and cell damage.
- Anti-Inflammatory: Artemisia absinthium has been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties, with compounds such as thujone and sesquiterpene lactones exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity, which may help to reduce inflammation and alleviate associated symptoms.
- Antispasmodic: The plant has been traditionally used as an antispasmodic, with compounds such as thujone and sesquiterpene lactones exhibiting activity that helps to relax smooth muscle and alleviate spasms.
- Antipyretic: Artemisia absinthium has been used traditionally to treat fever, with some studies suggesting that the plant may exhibit antipyretic activity, although more research is needed to fully understand its effects.
- Analgesic: The plant has been traditionally used as an analgesic, with compounds such as thujone and sesquiterpene lactones exhibiting activity that helps to alleviate pain.
- Antibacterial: Artemisia absinthium has been found to exhibit antibacterial properties, with compounds such as thujone and sesquiterpene lactones showing activity against a range of bacteria, including those that cause infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis.
- Antifungal: The plant has been found to exhibit antifungal properties, with compounds such as thujone and sesquiterpene lactones showing activity against a range of fungi, including those that cause infections such as athlete's foot and ringworm.
- Antiviral: Some studies suggest that Artemisia absinthium may exhibit antiviral activity, with compounds such as thujone and sesquiterpene lactones showing activity against a range of viruses, although more research is needed to fully understand its effects.
- Antihistamine: The plant has not been widely studied for its antihistamine properties, and there is limited evidence to suggest that it exhibits activity against histamine, although it may have some effects on allergic responses due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
What are the major healing constituents of Artemisia absinthium?
The healing constituents of Artemisia absinthium are thujone, a neurostimulant with sedative and antispasmodic properties, sesquiterpenes, which exhibit antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, flavonoids, particularly absinthin and luteolin, displaying antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, phenolic acids, including ferulic and sinapic acid, contributing to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, and coumarins, which show anticoagulant and antioxidant properties.
These constituents have been attributed to the plant's ability to alleviate various health issues. The sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in Artemisia absinthium have also been found to possess antioxidant properties, which can help protect against oxidative stress and cell damage. The plant's healing properties can be attributed to the synergy between these constituents, which work together to produce a range of bioactive effects.
The combination of these compounds has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticoagulant activities, making Artemisia absinthium a valuable natural remedy.
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Artemisia absinthium.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Artemisia absinthium and why they are important for health.
- Thujone: A bitter, pungent, and volatile constituent of Artemisia absinthium with antispasmodic, sedative, and neurotoxic properties.
- Sesquiterpenes: Sesquiterpenes are a type of diterpene found in Artemisia absinthium that exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
- Flavonoids: A class of plant compounds found in Artemisia absinthium with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids are a type of polyphenol found in Artemisia absinthium, having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Coumarins: Coumarins are a class of organic compounds found in Artemisia absinthium, characterized by their anticoagulant, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Terpenoids: Terpenoids are bioactive compounds found in Artemisia absinthium, possessing anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
- Lignans: Artemisia absinthium contains lignans which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
- Saponins: Saponins, found in Artemisia absinthium, are bitter compounds with surface-active properties, capable of forming soap-like foams in water, and exhibiting hemolytic and cytotoxic activity.
- Tannins: Tannins are astringent and have antimicrobial properties.
- Absinthin: A sesquiterpene lactone compound with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Artemisia absinthium and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Thujone | HIGH | Antimicrobial, Antispasmodic, Antitumor, Anticancer, Neuroprotective, Sedative, Anxiolytic |
| Sesquiterpenes | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antispasmodic, Antiviral, Antifungal, Anticancer, Immunomodulatory |
| Flavonoids | LOW | Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Pain relief, Analgesic, Antiproliferative |
| Phenolic acids | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antitumoral, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Radical-scavenger, Antiproliferative |
| Coumarins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antihemorrhagic, Hemostatic, Anticancer |
| Terpenoids | HIGH | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antispasmodic, Anticancer, Anxiolytic, Sedative |
| Lignans | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral, Cardioprotective |
| Saponins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, Anticancer, Antiviral, Hemolytic |
| Tannins | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Astringent, Antibacterial, Hemostatic |
| Absinthin | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory |
What are the most used parts of Artemisia absinthium in medicine?
The most used parts of Artemisia absinthium for medicinal purposes are leaves and flowers.
The leaves of Artemisia absinthium contain volatile oils, such as thujone, bornyl acetate, and camphor, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antispasmodic properties. The flowers of Artemisia absinthium are rich in flavonoids, particularly absinthin and artabsin, which have been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. The leaves' volatile oils contribute to their analgesic and sedative effects, while the flowers' flavonoids are primarily responsible for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
The bioactive compounds present in both the leaves and flowers of Artemisia absinthium contribute to their traditional use in treating various health conditions, including digestive issues and inflammatory diseases.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Artemisia absinthium in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Artemisia absinthium in medicine and why.
- Leaves: The leaves of this plant are rich in thujone, borneol, and camphor, which exhibit neurotoxic, analgesic, and antiseptic properties, providing relief from pain, inflammation, and bacterial infections, while also offering potential antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory benefits.
- Flowers: The flowers of this plant contain thujone, borneol, and camphor, which possess antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, aiding in the relief of muscle cramps, spasms, and inflammation, as well as protection against bacterial and fungal infections.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Artemisia absinthium mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Leaves | Volatile oils, Sesquiterpene lactones, Flavonoids, Coumarins, Terpenoids, Phenolic acids, Sesquiterpenoids, Artemisinin |
| Flowers | Sesquiterpene lactones, Sesquiterpenes, Coumarins, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Volatile oils, Thujone, Borneol, Artemisinin |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Artemisia absinthium?
The most common herbal preparation of Artemisia absinthium for medicinal purposes are tinctures, which are used to treat digestive issues and reduce inflammation.
A salve is also prepared from the plant, primarily utilized for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties to treat wounds and skin conditions. Essential oil extracted from Artemisia absinthium is employed as a natural insect repellent and for its antiseptic properties. The plant is also used to make a tea, which is traditionally consumed to aid digestion and alleviate symptoms of colds and flu.
These medicinal preparations are often used individually or in combination to treat various health conditions.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Artemisia absinthium.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Artemisia absinthium and what are their main uses.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to treat digestive issues, as an antispasmodic, and to reduce fever, inflammation and pain.
- Salve: Salve made from this plant is used topically to treat inflammation, pain, and skin conditions such as eczema and acne, and also to repel insects and relieve itching.
- Essential Oil: Essential oil made from this plant is used to treat digestive issues, such as flatulence and indigestion, and to reduce anxiety and insomnia, due to its thujone content, which is also used to repel insects and as an antiseptic.
- Tea: Tea made from this plant is used to treat fever, indigestion, and as a mild antiseptic for skin issues, while also being used to stimulate appetite and relieve menstrual cramps.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Artemisia absinthium for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Tincture | Leaves, Flowers |
| Salve | Leaves, Flowers |
| Essential oil | Leaves, Flowers |
| Tea | Leaves |
Tincture
Artemisia absinthium tincture is a herbal preparation used to treat various health conditions, including skin conditions such as acne and eczema, gastrointestinal parasites like tapeworms, gastroenteritis, wound infections, insect bites, migraines, fungal infections like ringworm, respiratory issues like bronchitis, parasites, and urinary tract infections.
It is a very commonly used preparation, often found in herbal medicine cabinets. One of its most common effects is the reduction of inflammation and the relief of pain.
The preparation is typically made by steeping the leaves and flowers of the wormwood plant in a solvent like ethanol, which is a moderately difficult process requiring some knowledge of herbalism and distillation techniques.
Below you find an image of Artemisia absinthium tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Artemisia absinthium tincture.
- Gather fresh or dried leaves and flowers of Artemisia absinthium in a quantity suitable for tincture production.
- Chop the gathered leaves and flowers to release their oils and potency.
- Combine the chopped plant material with a neutral solvent, such as vodka or glycerin, in a clean glass jar.
- Seal the jar and store it in a cool, dark place, allowing the mixture to steep and infuse for several weeks.
- Strain the tincture through a cheesecloth or coffee filter into a clean glass bottle, discarding the solids and retaining the liquid.
Salve
Artemisia absinthium salve is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat various skin conditions, including skin infections, wounds, fungal infections, scabies, boils, eczema, and psoriasis.
It's a common preparation in herbal medicine due to its effectiveness against these conditions. The salve typically has a numbing effect, which is its most common effect. The preparation is made from the leaves and flowers of the wormwood plant (Artemisia absinthium), which are combined and processed to create a topical salve.
The process of making this salve is complex and requires expertise, as the leaves and flowers need to be carefully harvested, dried, and infused in a carrier oil to extract the active compounds.
Below you find an image of Artemisia absinthium salve.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Artemisia absinthium salve.
- Gather fresh or dried leaves and flowers of Artemisia absinthium, also known as wormwood.
- Combine the leaves and flowers in a saucepan and cover them with a carrier oil, such as olive or grapeseed oil.
- Heat the mixture over low heat for several hours, allowing the herbs to infuse their properties into the oil.
- Strain the infused oil through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean container, discarding the solids.
- Mix the infused oil with beeswax and any additional ingredients, such as essential oils or vitamins, to create the herbal salve.
Essential Oil
Artemisia absinthium essential oil is used to treat rheumatism, fever, digestive issues, skin conditions, anxiety, cold sores, warts, and insect bites.
This preparation is relatively uncommon, as it is not widely used in modern herbal medicine. Its effects are also not well-documented, but it is known to have a strong impact, particularly when used in high concentrations. The oil is typically made from the leaves and flowers of the wormwood plant, which are carefully harvested and distilled to extract the essential oil.
Due to the complexity of the distillation process, this preparation is often difficult to make and requires specialized equipment and expertise.
Below you find an image of Artemisia absinthium essential oil.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Artemisia absinthium essential oil.
- Gather fresh or dried leaves and flowers of Artemisia absinthium.
- Dry the gathered plant material in a well-ventilated area to prevent spoilage.
- Use a solvent such as jojoba oil or grapeseed oil to extract the essential oil from the dried plant material.
- Steep the plant material in the solvent for several weeks, shaking the container daily to facilitate extraction.
- Strain the solvent and discard the plant material, then bottle the extracted essential oil for storage.
Tea
Artemisia absinthium tea is a medicinal preparation used to treat inflammation, digestion, fever, diarrhea, cough, rheumatism and wounds.
It's one of the most commonly used herbal teas globally, particularly in European folk medicine. Consuming Artemisia absinthium tea is known to cause a very common effect, the stimulation of the digestive system. The tea is made with the leaves of the Artemisia absinthium plant, which is a natural antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent.
Preparing Artemisia absinthium tea is relatively easy, typically requiring the steeping of the leaves in hot water.
Below you find an image of Artemisia absinthium tea.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Artemisia absinthium tea.
- Gather a handful of fresh or dried leaves from the Artemisia absinthium plant.
- Rinse the leaves with cold water to remove any dirt or impurities.
- Place the leaves in a teapot or infuser and pour in boiling water.
- Allow the leaves to steep for 5-10 minutes to release their medicinal properties.
- Strain the tea and serve it hot or allow it to cool before drinking.
What are the possible side effects of Artemisia absinthium if used improperly?
The possible side effects of improperly using Artemisia absinthium are vomiting, which can range from mild to severe, and can be triggered by consuming large amounts of the plant's essential oil.
Seizures are another possible side effect, caused by the plant's toxic compounds, such as absinthin, that can affect the central nervous system. Comas can occur if the seizures are severe and prolonged, leading to a loss of consciousness. Consuming large quantities of Artemisia absinthium can also cause convulsions, which are intense muscle contractions that can be life-threatening.
Additionally, improper use of the plant can lead to tremors, respiratory failure, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, hallucinations, and abdominal pain, all of which are serious medical conditions that require immediate attention.
The most common side effects Artemisia absinthium gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Vomits: Artemisia absinthium ingestion causes vomiting due to thujone toxicity.
- Seizures: Ingestion of Artemisia absinthium can cause seizures, particularly in individuals with a history of seizure disorders or those who ingest high doses.
- Comas: Ingestion of large quantities of Artemisia absinthium can cause central nervous system depression leading to prolonged unconsciousness.
- Convulsions: Artemisia absinthium contains thujone, which can cause seizures in high doses or with prolonged use.
- Tremors: Artemisia absinthium ingestion causes severe tremors due to its neurotoxic thujone content.
- Respiratory Failure: Ingestion of large amounts of Artemisia absinthium causes accumulation of thujone in the brain, leading to depression of the central nervous system and potentially resulting in respiratory failure.
- Cardiac Arrhythmias: Artemisia absinthium contains thujone, which can cause cardiac arrhythmias due to its effects on the heart's electrical conduction system.
- Hypertension: Artemisia absinthium contains thujone, which can increase blood pressure in some individuals.
- Hallucinations: Consuming large amounts of Artemisia absinthium can cause severe and intense visual and auditory hallucinations due to its high concentration of thujone.
- Abdominal Pain: Severe abdominal pain occurs due to Artemisia absinthium's toxic compounds, primarily thujone, causing liver damage and bile duct irritation.
What are the precautions to take before using Artemisia absinthium medicinally?
The precautions to take before using Artemisia absinthium medicinally are to consult a healthcare professional to ensure safe use, as this plant can interact with certain medications and exacerbate underlying health conditions.
When using Artemisia absinthium, especially with children, use should be under adult supervision to prevent accidental overdose or misidentification. To avoid adverse effects, follow recommended dosages and be aware of interactions with medications, particularly those affecting the liver and central nervous system. Additionally, use in well-ventilated areas to avoid inhaling undiluted extracts, which can be toxic, and monitor liver function, as this plant can cause liver damage in high concentrations.
Finally, use with caution in pregnancy and breastfeeding, report any adverse reactions promptly, and store extracts safely out of reach to prevent accidental ingestion.
The most important precautions you must take before using Artemisia absinthium for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Consult A Healthcare Professional: Artemisia absinthium may interact with certain medications, such as sedatives and antidepressants, requiring professional guidance to avoid adverse effects.
- Use Under Adult Supervision: Adults should supervise children when handling Artemisia absinthium due to potential toxicity.
- Follow Recommended Dosages: Taking more than recommended can cause serious health problems due to the presence of thujone.
- Be Aware Of Interactions With Medications: Artemisia absinthium may interact with medications such as antacids, anticoagulants, and certain antidepressants, and may exacerbate conditions like diabetes and bleeding disorders.
- Use In Well-Ventilated Areas: Exposure to thujone, a constituent of Artemisia absinthium, can cause neurological symptoms in high concentrations; using in well-ventilated areas reduces exposure levels.
- Avoid Ingesting Undiluted Extracts: Ingestion of undiluted Artemisia absinthium extracts can cause thujone toxicity and other adverse effects.
- Monitor Liver Function: Long-term use of Artemisia absinthium may cause hepatotoxicity, necessitating regular liver function monitoring.
- Use With Caution In Pregnancy And Breastfeeding: Artemisia absinthium contains thujone, a neurotoxin that can cause uterine contractions and potentially harm fetal development.
- Report Any Adverse Reactions: Notify healthcare providers of any adverse effects or interactions with medications.
- Store Extracts Safely Out Of Reach: Keep extracts away from children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion.
Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Artemisia absinthium?
Yes, there are several scientific studies that prove the medicianl effectiveness of Artemisia absinthium. Here are some studies that are worthy of notice.
According to a study published by "Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)", Artemisia absinthium has been found to possess a range of beneficial properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities, which can help manage various disorders such as hepatitis and gastritis. The extract of this plant has also been shown to exhibit anti-ulcer and anticarcinogenic properties, making it a potential treatment for certain types of cancers. Additionally, combination therapies using Artemisia absinthium have been documented to relieve malaria and piroplasmosis infections, offering a promising alternative to current treatments.
In another study published by "Current pharmaceutical biotechnology", the bioactive compounds present in Artemisia absinthium L have been found to exhibit potential anticancer properties, specifically inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells at a concentration of 80.96 ± 3.94 μg/ml. Additionally, the study revealed that Artemisia absinthium L displays a moderate spectrum of antibacterial effect against various bacteria. Furthermore, the extract has shown wound healing properties, even surpassing the efficacy of standard povidone iodine cream, by modulating cytokine networks and apoptosis markers.
A different research published by "Phytochemical analysis : PCA", Artemisia absinthium exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The extracts of this plant have been found to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 and 15-lipoxygenase in vitro, as well as inhibit nitric oxide release in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 cells, indicating its potential in treating liver inflammation and other diseases. Additionally, three compounds, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and isochlorogenic acid C, have been identified as the most promising active compounds with remarkable anti-inflammatory effects.
