white mahogany

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• white mahogany
• onzabili

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Spondias klaineana
• Spondias soyauxii
• Antrocaryon soyauxii

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Sapindales, it is classified under the family Anacardiaceae and the genus Antrocaryon.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a specific distribution across several regions of the African continent. Within West Tropical Africa, it can be found in Nigeria. Its presence extends into West-Central Tropical Africa, where it inhabits the nation of Cameroon. Additionally, the species is located within the Central African Republic and the Congo. Finally, its geographical range in West-Central Tropical Africa includes the region of Cabinda.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Antrocaryon klaineanum is characterized by its status as a perennial species, allowing it to persist in its ecosystem over many years. Throughout its developmental stages, the plant exhibits a deciduous nature, undergoing periodic shedding of its foliage as part of its seasonal biological cycle.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Antrocaryon klaineanum is characterized by its significant stature and robust structural development. It is a large, woody tree that reaches a mean height of approximately 30 m. As a terrestrial species, it grows independently in its environment without relying on other plants for support or nutrients, functioning as a non-parasitic, self-supporting organism. Its growth form is strictly arborescent, maintaining a stable, upright structure rather than exhibiting climbing or vining habits.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height mean:

30 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Antrocaryon klaineanum is characterized by its specific metabolic and nutritional strategies, functioning primarily through a C3 photosynthetic pathway. This means the plant utilizes the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide directly, which is a common mechanism for many woody tropical species but requires careful regulation of stomatal conductance to balance gas exchange with water loss. Furthermore, the species does not act as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it lacks the symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (such as Rhizobium or Frankia) necessary to convert atmospheric nitrogen into bioavailable forms, and instead relies on the uptake of nitrates and ammonium present in the soil substrate to meet its nitrogenous requirements for protein synthesis and enzymatic functions.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Antrocaryon klaineanum is characterized by a highly flexible phenological cycle, as the fruiting time is considered variable and can occur across any month of the year, including January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December. This irregular fruiting pattern suggests that the plant does not adhere to a strict seasonal window for seed production. Regarding the morphology of its seeds, the species exhibits a highly consistent seed volume; both the minimum and maximum recorded volumes are 6400 mm³, resulting in a precise mean seed volume of 6400 mm³.

Fruiting time :

variable

Seed volume max:

6400 mm³

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Antrocaryon klaineanum has 2 reported plant parts identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root, stem.

Root

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Stem

1. Phytochemistry

Activities

Antrocaryon klaineanum has 3 reported activities identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antiplasmodial, Antibacterial, Antiparasitic.

Antiplasmodial

1. Phytochemistry
2. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Antibacterial

1. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences

Antiparasitic

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Conditions

Antrocaryon klaineanum has 7 reported investigations on conditions identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include Plasmodium falciparum, back pain, female sterility, hemorrhoid, liver diseases.

Plasmodium falciparum

1. Phytochemistry

Back pain

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Female sterility

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Hemorrhoid

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Liver diseases

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Malaria

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Wounds

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Preparations

Antrocaryon klaineanum has 6 reported preparations identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include crude extract, dichloromethane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, methanol crude extract, n-hexane fraction.

Crude extract

1. Phytochemistry

Dichloromethane fraction

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Ethyl acetate fraction

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Methanol crude extract

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

N-hexane fraction

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Stem bark

1. Phytochemistry