Annona senegalensis
Wild custard-apple
Annona senelegensis, commonly known as the African custard apple, is a versatile medicinal shrub native to tropical Africa. Renowned for its diverse therapeutic properties, various parts of this plant are traditionally used to treat ailments ranging from skin infections and inflammation to digestive issues, offering significant pharmacological potential.
- Scientific name: Annona senegalensis
- Family: Annonaceae
- Native range: Africa
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae and order Magnoliales, it is a member of the family Annonaceae. Ultimately, Annona senehalensis is categorized under the genus Annona.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Magnoliales | WCVP |
| Family | Annonaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Annona | WCVP |
Common Names
This plant, Annona senegalensis, is known by various names across different languages and regions. In Esperanto, it is referred to as Senegala anono, while in Udmurt, it is called Сенегалысь аннона. In Kinyarwanda, the plant is known as Umushirashira, and in Russian, it is identified as Аннона сенегальская. Additionally, in the Koi language, it is called Сенегалісь аннона.| Language | Common Name | Source |
|---|---|---|
| eo | Senegala anono | Wikidata |
| udm | Сенегалысь аннона | Wikidata |
| rw | Umushirashira | Wikidata |
| ru | Аннона сенегальская | Wikidata |
| koi | Сенегалісь аннона | Wikidata |
| sw | Mkonokono | Wikidata |
| bg | Сенегалска анона | Wikidata |
| fa | آنونا سنگالنسیس | Wikidata |
| zh | 非洲番荔枝 | Wikidata |
| dag | Bulimbuɣu | Wikidata |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a broad geographical distribution across several distinct regions of the African continent. In the Macaronesian region, its presence is specifically noted in Cape Verde. Moving to West Tropical Africa, it can be found growing within the borders of Benin. The species also inhabits the landscapes of Burkina and the Gambia. Finally, its range extends further along the coast to include Ghana.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Macaronesia | Cape Verde | WCVP |
| West Tropical Africa | Benin | WCVP |
| West Tropical Africa | Burkina | WCVP |
| West Tropical Africa | Gambia | WCVP |
| West Tropical Africa | Ghana | WCVP |
| West Tropical Africa | Guinea-Bissau | WCVP |
| West Tropical Africa | Guinea | WCVP |
| West Tropical Africa | Ivory Coast | WCVP |
| West Tropical Africa | Liberia | WCVP |
| West Tropical Africa | Mali | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, Annona senegalensis, possesses various components that are utilized for their therapeutic properties in traditional medicine. The leaves are frequently employed in decoctions to treat ailments such as fever or inflammation, while the stem bark and various stem barks harvested from the woody structure are often processed to address digestive issues or skin conditions. Furthermore, the seeds are sometimes utilized in specific preparations, and in many medicinal practices, the whole ground plant material is used to create potent remedies that harness the combined synergistic effects of all its botanical elements.- Total parts
- 15
- Scientific sources
- 21
| Plant Part | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| seeds | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| leaves | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| whole ground plant material | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| stem barks | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| stem bark | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| roots | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| root barks | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| root | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| methanol leaf extracts | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| leaf | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Annona senegalensis has 27 reported phytochemicals identified across 30 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, (+)-catechin, (+)-nornantenine.
- Total chemicals
- 27
- Scientific sources
- 30
Most Reported Compounds
| Compound | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| flavonoids | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| saponins | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| terpenoids | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (+)-catechin | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (+)-nornantenine | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (+)-syringaresinol | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (-)-anonaine | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (-)-asimilobine | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ABTS | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Compound 2 | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Activities
Annona senegalensis has 11 reported activities identified across 17 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antimalarial, Cytotoxic, Anthelmintic.
- Total activities
- 11
- Scientific sources
- 17
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antidiabetic | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antimalarial | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cytotoxic | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anthelmintic | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anticancer | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antifungal | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antimicrobial | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiprotozoal | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anxiolytic | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Annona senegalensis has 21 reported medicinal uses identified across 25 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include mental disorders, leishmaniasis, malaria, Brain Tumor, Leishmania donovani.
- Total uses
- 21
- Scientific sources
- 25
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| mental disorders | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| leishmaniasis | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| malaria | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Brain Tumor | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Leishmania donovani | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Leishmania major | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Streptococcus mutans | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| anthelmintic | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| antioxidant | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| bacterial infections | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |