Annona foetida

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Annona trunciflora

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant, Annona foetida, is a member of the kingdom Plantae and belongs to the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is classified under the order Magnoliales. Ultimately, it is a representative of the family Annonaceaae and the genus Annona.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad distribution across several regions of the South American continent. In Northern South America, it can be found growing within the territories of French Guiana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its range also extends into Western South America, where it is present in Colombia. Additionally, the species is documented as inhabiting parts of Bolivia. Together, these locations highlight the diverse tropical environments where the plant thrives.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Annona foetida is characterized by its specific niche within tropical forest ecosystems, where it is primarily found inhabiting Floresta de Igapó and Floresta de Terra Firme. This species occupies a relatively narrow altitudinal band, thriving at elevations ranging from a minimum of 200 m AMSL to a maximum of 300 m AMSL. Its presence in both seasonally flooded igapó forests and non-flooded terra firme forests indicates an adaptability to varying soil moisture levels and hydrological regimes within these specific forest structures.

Elevational range max:

300 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

200 m AMSL

Habitat :

Floresta de Igapó, Floresta de Terra Firme

Morphology

The morphology of Annona foetida is characterized by its growth form as a woody tree, reaching a maximum plant height of approximately 6 m. It functions as an independent organism, lacking parasitic tendencies, and is classified as a terrestrial plant rather than an aquatic, semiaquatic, or epiphytic species. Unlike climbing vines or lianas, this species is self-supporting in its structural development.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

6 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Annona foetida is characterized by a specialized metabolic framework optimized for tropical environments, most notably through its photosynthetic pathway, which follows the C3 mechanism. As a C3 plant, its carbon fixation process occurs primarily via the Calvin cycle, where the enzyme RuBisCO captures atmospheric carbon dioxide to produce three-carbon compounds. This metabolic strategy influences the plant's water-use efficiency and stomatal conductance, as it must balance gas exchange with transpirational water loss in its native humid habitats. Beyond carbon assimilation, the plant exhibits complex physiological responses to environmental stressors, including the production of specialized secondary metabolites, such as acetogenins, which serve as chemical defense mechanisms. These biochemical pathways are integrated with its overall resource allocation, supporting the growth of its characteristic fleshy fruits and robust vegetative structures through efficient nutrient uptake and translocation within its vascular system.

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Annona foetida has 4 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Annomontine, Liriodenine, N-Hydroxyannomontine, O-Methylmoschatoline.

Annomontine

1. Journal of natural products

Liriodenine

1. Journal of natural products

N-Hydroxyannomontine

1. Journal of natural products

O-Methylmoschatoline

1. Journal of natural products

Conditions

Annona foetida has 1 reported investigations on conditions identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include Leishmania braziliensis.

Leishmania braziliensis

1. Journal of natural products

Preparations

Annona foetida has 1 reported preparations identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include bark extract.

Bark extract

1. Journal of natural products