zang qie

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• zang qie

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Whitleya tangutica
• Scopolina tangutica
• Scopolia tangutica
• Anisodus tanguticus var. viridulus

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is classified under the order Solanales and the family Solanaceae. Finally, its taxonomic identity is defined by the genus Anisodus.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant is primarily distributed across several distinct regions within China. Its presence is noted in the South-Central and North-Central territories of the country. Furthermore, it can be found growing in the high-altitude areas of Qinghai and Tibet. Beyond the borders of China, its range extends into the Indian Subcontinent. Specifically, the species is also documented to inhabit the mountainous landscapes of Nepal.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Anisodus tanguticus is defined by its specialized adaptation to high-altitude alpine environments. This species thrives within a specific vertical distribution, primarily inhabiting montane and subalpine zones where it occupies a distinct elevational niche. Its ecological range is concentrated between a minimum altitude of 2800 m AMSL and a maximum threshold of 4200 m AMSL, with a mean elevational preference of approximately 3500 m AMSL. This distribution suggests that the plant is highly adapted to the unique climatic pressures of high-mountain ecosystems, including intense UV radiation, lower temperatures, and specific soil compositions found at these significant heights above mean sea level.

Elevational range max:

4200 m AMSL

Elevational range mean:

3500 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

2800 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Anisodus tanguticus is characterized by its status as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist in its natural habitat over multiple growing seasons. Throughout its life cycle, the plant undergoes distinct seasonal phases typical of high-altitude flora, establishing a robust root system that provides the energy reserves necessary for long-term survival and repeated reproductive efforts. As a perennial, it avoids the complete senescence seen in annuals, instead focusing on vegetative growth during favorable periods and transitioning into flowering stages when environmental conditions are optimal. This longevity enables the species to navigate the unpredictable climatic variations of its native environment, ensuring a continuous presence within its ecological niche.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Anisodus tanguticus is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody herb. The plant is self-supporting rather than being a climber, and it exhibits a height that typically ranges from a minimum of 0.4 m to a maximum of 1 m, with an average height of approximately 0.7 m.

Climber :

self-supporting

Growth form :

herb

Plant height max:

1 m

Plant height mean:

0.7 m

Plant height min:

0.4 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiological profile of Anisodus tanguticus is characterized by distinct morphological dimensions in its foliage, which facilitate efficient photosynthetic processes through specific surface area optimizations. The leaf morphology exhibits significant variability, with leaf lengths ranging from a minimum of 8 cm to a maximum of 11 cm, while maintaining a mean leaf length of 9.5 cm. This longitudinal dimension is complemented by a lateral spread where leaf widths vary from a minimum of 2.5 cm to a maximum of 4.5 cm. These quantitative parameters suggest a structural adaptation designed to balance light interception and gas exchange within its native ecological niche.

Leaf length max:

11 cm

Leaf length mean:

9.5 cm

Leaf length min:

8 cm

Leaf width max:

4.5 cm

Leaf width min:

2.5 cm

Reproduction

The reproduction of Anisodus tanguticus culminates in the development of its characteristic fruit, which maintains a highly consistent morphology across various specimens. The fruit is characterized by a uniform size profile where both the length and the width exhibit minimal variance. Specifically, the fruit length is consistently measured at a mean of 2 cm, with both the minimum and maximum recorded values remaining at 2 cm. Similarly, the fruit width follows this precise pattern, showing a mean, minimum, and maximum value of 2 cm. This lack of dimensional deviation indicates a highly stabilized fruiting structure, resulting in fruits that are consistently spherical or near-spherical, measuring approximately 2 cm in both length and width.

Fruit length max:

2 cm

Fruit width max:

2 cm

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Anisodus tanguticus has 1 reported plant parts identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root.

Root

1. Planta medica
2. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica
3. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

Chemicals

Anisodus tanguticus has 20 reported phytochemicals identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include ATROPINE, scopolamine, anisodamine, hyoscyamine, 2A.

ATROPINE

1. Dr. Duke
2. Scientific reports
3. Frontiers in plant science

scopolamine

1. Dr. Duke
2. Scientific reports
3. Planta medica

anisodamine

1. Dr. Duke
2. Frontiers in plant science

hyoscyamine

1. Dr. Duke
2. Planta medica

2A

1. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

2B

1. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

3A

1. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

3B

1. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

6-beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine

1. Planta medica

CA

1. Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu

Activities

Anisodus tanguticus has 86 reported activities identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antispasmodic, Allergenic, Amnesigenic, Analgesic, Anesthetic.

Antispasmodic

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of separation science

Allergenic

1. Dr. Duke

Amnesigenic

1. Dr. Duke

Analgesic

1. Dr. Duke

Anesthetic

1. Dr. Duke

Anhydrotic

1. Dr. Duke

AntiMeniere's

1. Dr. Duke

AntiSeptic-Shock

1. Dr. Duke

Antiaggregant

1. Dr. Duke

Antianoxic

1. Dr. Duke

Conditions

Anisodus tanguticus has 3 reported investigations on conditions identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include morphine addiction, septic shock, shock.

Morphine addiction

1. Therapie

Septic shock

1. Therapie

Shock

1. Chemistry & biodiversity

Preparations

Anisodus tanguticus has 3 reported preparations identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include hairy root cultures, hairy roots, roots of Anisodus tanguticus.

Hairy root cultures

1. Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica

Hairy roots

1. Planta medica

Roots of anisodus tanguticus

1. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie