Angelica sinensis
Angelica sinensis · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (18 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Angelica sinensis, commonly known as Dong Quai, is a versatile medicinal plant utilized extensively for its therapeutic potential. The various parts of the plant, including the root, rhizome, fruit, and leaf, can be processed into preparations such as extracts, dried roots, and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP). These preparations contain bioactive chemicals like ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, Ligustilide, and Senkyunolide A. Through these compounds, the plant exhibits significant antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. Consequently, it is frequently studied for its ability to manage conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress, asthma, and pain.
- Synonyms
- Angelica Polymorpha Var. Sinensis
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Apiaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Root · Rhizome
Classification
Common Names
Angelica sinensis is a versatile botanical known by many different names across various cultures and languages. In English-speaking regions, it is frequently referred to as Chinese angelica or the widely recognized Dong quai. Some herbalists also use the alternative spelling dang qui to identify this significant medicinal plant. Moving into German, the species is commonly called Chinesische Engelwurz. Finally, in Czech contexts, the plant is identified by its local name, angelika čínska.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Angelica sinensis is a highly valued medicinal herb frequently referred to by various botanical names in scientific literature. In many taxonomical contexts, this plant is recognized by the synonym Angelica polymorpha var. sinensis. Understanding these nomenclatural relationships is essential for researchers and herbalists to ensure accurate identification. While the names may differ depending on the classification system used, they ultimately describe the same potent species. Recognizing these synonyms helps prevent confusion when navigating complex botanical databases and traditional medicinal texts.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Angelica sinensis belongs to the vast kingdom Plantae, representing a significant part of the natural world. Within this kingdom, the plant is classified under the class Equisetopsida. It specifically falls under the order Apiales, which helps define its botanical lineage. Furthermore, the species is a member of the diverse family Apiaceae. Ultimately, it is identified by its specific genus, Angelica.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Apiales |
| Family | Apiaceae |
| Genus | Angelica |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Angelica sinensis maintains a broad and diverse geographical presence across various Asian climates. Its distribution is heavily concentrated within China, spanning from the North-Central regions to the South-Central provinces. The plant is also naturally found throughout the expansive landscapes of Inner Mongolia. Beyond China, it extends into more tropical zones, specifically inhabiting parts of Indo-China such as Vietnam. This wide range illustrates the plant's ability to thrive in both temperate and tropical environments.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Angelica sinensis typically reaches a maximum height of 1 meter as it matures in its natural habitat. Depending on environmental conditions, the plant's stature can vary significantly, often maintaining a minimum height of 0.4 meters. In more optimal growing settings, the species frequently establishes a more robust presence with a minimum height of 0.7 meters.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Angelica sinensis is a highly valued medicinal plant known for its diverse and potent biological activities. Research indicates that its bioactive components, such as decursin and ligustilide, exhibit significant anticancer and antioxidant properties. The plant also provides neuroprotective benefits, offering potential therapeutic support for neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, its hepatoprotective effects contribute to liver health and the mitigation of cellular damage. Finally, the presence of analgesic properties makes this versatile herb a promising subject for managing pain and inflammation.
Compounds
Angelica sinensis is a perennial medicinal herb characterized by a diverse profile of bioactive secondary metabolites. Research indicates that the plant contains essential compounds such as ferulic acid and various flavonoids, which serve as key quality determinants. Furthermore, the chemical composition includes important phthalides, specifically ligustilide and its isomer Z-ligustilide. The presence of senkyunolide A is also a significant feature, often used in studies to evaluate the quality and chemical authentication of the species. Together, these components underpin the pharmacological efficacy and commercial value of the plant's roots.
Conditions
Angelica sinensis serves as a vital medicinal herb used to treat cardio-cerebrovascular diseases by promoting blood circulation and protecting vascular cells. It is also recognized for its ability to treat menopausal symptoms and various gynecological disorders, often serving as a natural alternative for women's health. The plant effectively treats oxidative stress by mitigating cellular damage and enhancing antioxidant capacities in different biological models. Furthermore, its bioactive components provide significant analgesic effects, contributing to its traditional use in pain relief. These diverse therapeutic relationships highlight the plant's extensive pharmacological value in managing cardiovascular, hormonal, and neurological conditions.
Preparations
Angelica sinensis is prepared as Angelica sinensis polysaccharide, which is also referred to as Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP). This plant is frequently prepared as an extract to isolate various bioactive components like ferulic acid or phthalides. The medicinal use of the plant often involves the use of its roots or dried roots. These various preparations, including the polysaccharide and extracts, are studied for their diverse therapeutic applications in cancer treatment and metabolic regulation.
Parts used
Angelica sinensis is a versatile perennial herb utilized extensively for its various medicinal and edible components. The plant's roots and rhizomes serve as primary sources for valuable compounds like Z-ligustilide and ferulic acid. Beyond the underground structures, researchers also examine the fruits of the species for identification through histology and TLC. The leaves contribute to the overall biomass and quality of the plant, influencing its total medicinal yield. Additionally, the seeds can be analyzed at a molecular level using rRNA gene mapping to ensure accurate identification of the species.