What to know about Angelica dahurica (baikal angelica) before using it medicinally

Angelica dahurica, commonly known as Baikal angelica, is a versatile herb that boasts a multitude of health-enhancing properties, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects that work to soothe and protect the body from various ailments.

As a hardy perennial, Baikal angelica is prized for its ease of cultivation and adaptability to different environments, making it a popular choice among gardeners and herbalists. Botanically, Baikal angelica belongs to the Apiaceae family and is characterized by its large umbels of small, white flowers and its distinctive, fern-like foliage.

Historically, Baikal angelica has been revered for its medicinal value for centuries, with traditional Chinese medicine referencing it as a treatment for a range of conditions, from digestive issues to fever.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Angelica dahurica .

What are the medicinal properties of Angelica dahurica ?

Angelica dahurica helps with fever reduction, diarrhea, and respiratory problems. Its extracts have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It is also used to treat skin conditions like eczema and acne. The plant is a traditional remedy in Asian medicine.

The active constituents of baikal angelica include sesquiterpenes, phenolic compounds, and volatile oils. These compounds are responsible for its medicinal properties, including its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. The sesquiterpenes, in particular, have been shown to have potent antioxidant activity. Other constituents like ligustilide and butylphthalide have been reported to have analgesic and sedative effects.

The rhizomes and roots of baikal angelica are the most commonly used parts for medicinal purposes. These parts are rich in bioactive compounds and have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. The rhizomes are typically harvested in autumn, dried, and then used to make extracts or infusions.

Improper use of baikal angelica can cause side effects like allergic reactions, digestive problems, and interactions with other medications. Excessive consumption of its extracts can also lead to liver damage and other adverse effects. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should use the plant with caution due to its potential estrogenic activity.

Precautions when using baikal angelica medicinally include consulting a healthcare professional before use, especially for people with underlying medical conditions or taking medications. The plant should be used in moderation, and its extracts should be obtained from reputable sources to avoid contamination or adulteration.

What are the horticulural aspects of Angelica dahurica ?

Angelica dahurica, also known as Baikal angelica, grow in moist to wet environments with full to partial shade, preferring a pH range of 5.5-7.5. It thrives in zones 3-7 with temperatures between -40°C to 20°C. Height ranges from 1-3 meters.

Planting tips for Baikal angelica include using well-draining soil, spacing seedlings 30-60 cm apart, and providing adequate moisture. It is essential to plant rhizomes 2-5 cm deep and 10-15 cm apart for optimal growth. Seedlings should be transplanted in spring or fall.

Harvesting tips for Baikal angelica involve cutting the stems when the umbels form in late summer. Harvest the roots in autumn after the foliage has died back. Cut the stems at the base to encourage new growth, and trim off the flowers to promote root development.

Common pests and diseases affecting Baikal angelica include the root-knot nematode, aphids, and spider mites. Fungal diseases like powdery mildew and leaf spot may also affect the plant, typically during periods of high humidity and rainfall. Regular monitoring and control measures can help mitigate these issues.

What are the botanical aspects of Angelica dahurica ?

Angelica dahurica is a perennial plant that belongs to the Apiaceae family. It has a stout stem, 50-120 cm tall, with large, pinnate leaves that are 20-40 cm long and 15-30 cm wide. The leaves have 15-25 leaflets with a pointed tip.

The taxonomical classification of Angelica dahurica is as follows: Kingdom: Plantae, Clade: Angiosperms, Clade: Eudicots, Clade: Asterids, Order: Apiales, Family: Apiaceae, Subfamily: Apioideae, Tribe: Angeliceae. The genus name Angelica is derived from the Latin name of the plant, and the species name dahurica refers to its native location in the Russian Far East.

There are several variants of Angelica dahurica, including var. dahurica and var. tenuifolia. The latter has narrower leaflets and smaller umbels. Some sources also recognize a subspecies, A. dahurica var. dahurica subsp. dahurica, which has larger umbels and more leaflets.

The geographical distribution of Angelica dahurica is restricted to eastern Asia, specifically in the Russian Far East, northeastern China, and the Korean Peninsula. It grows in mountainous regions, typically at elevations between 500-1,500 meters above sea level.

The life cycle of Angelica dahurica typically lasts for 2-3 years. The plant germinates in spring and produces basal leaves. It blooms in mid to late summer, producing yellow flowers in dense umbels. After flowering, the plant dies back, and a new stem and leaves emerge from the roots in the following year.

What are the historical aspects of Angelica dahurica ?

Angelica dahurica, also known as Baikal angelica, is a plant species native to East Asia, and has been used in traditional medicine for centuries, particularly in China and Korea, where it was valued for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties.

In ancient Chinese mythology, Angelica dahurica was associated with the goddess of mercy, Guanyin, who was said to have used the plant to heal the sick. Similarly, in Korean mythology, the plant was believed to have been given to the gods as an offering to ensure good health.

In East Asian cultures, Angelica dahurica is considered a symbol of longevity and good health. In Chinese culture, it is often given as a gift to new parents to bring good fortune and health to the child, while in Korean culture, it is used in traditional weddings as a symbol of good health and prosperity.

Historical texts, such as the Shennong Bencao Jing, a 16th-century Chinese medical text, and the Donguibogam, a 17th-century Korean medical text, describe the use of Angelica dahurica in traditional medicine. The Shennong Bencao Jing describes the plant's antiseptic properties, while the Donguibogam describes its use in treating fever and rheumatism.

Archaeological artifacts, such as ceramic vessels and metal containers, have been found in ancient Chinese and Korean tombs, containing the dried roots of Angelica dahurica. These artifacts suggest that the plant was highly valued for its medicinal properties and was used extensively in traditional medicine.