By Leen Randell

Updated: Oct 21, 2024

What to know about Angelica archangelica before using it medicinally

Angelica archangelica, commonly known as angelica, is a perennial herb with a long history of use in traditional medicine.

Its main medicinal uses are in the treatment of digestive issues, such as indigestion and bloating, as well as respiratory problems like bronchitis and coughs. The herb has been found to have several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help to reduce inflammation and protect against cell damage. The main therapeutic properties of angelica include expectorant, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties, which contribute to its effectiveness in treating respiratory and digestive issues.

The bioactive compounds present in angelica include sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which are responsible for its medicinal properties, and are commonly used to make angelica tea, a popular herbal preparation.

The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Angelica archangelica, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.

ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Angelica archangelica provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.

BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Angelica archangelica. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.

What are the main medicinal uses of Angelica archangelica?

The main medicinal uses of Angelica archangelica are its application in treating digestive issues due to its sesquiterpenoid constituents, such as archangelicin, which exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, and its effectiveness in alleviating fever through its essential oil containing borneol, which has antipyretic properties.

Additionally, Angelica archangelica is used to treat diarrhea, as its flavonoids and terpenoids have been shown to possess anti-diarrheal and anti-spasmodic activities. Furthermore, it is utilized to combat cough and respiratory infections due to its expectorant properties, attributed to its volatile oils, particularly borneol and borneol acetate. Moreover, Angelica archangelica has been used to relieve menstrual cramps and menstrual issues through its spasmolytic and estrogenic effects, which are attributed to its coumarins and phthalides.

The plant is also used to treat skin conditions, such as eczema, due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, as well as inflammation and rheumatism, as its sesquiterpenoids have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Angelica archangelica.

The list below provide more details on why Angelica archangelica is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.

• Diarrhea: The roots of this plant contain compounds with anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties, which can help to reduce inflammation and soothe the digestive system, providing relief from diarrhea.
• Menstrual Cramps: The plant's roots contain estrogen-like compounds, which can help to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce menstrual cramps due to its ability to relax the uterine muscles.
• Fever: The plant's roots contain compounds that have antipyretic properties, which can help to reduce fever by cooling the body and alleviating the symptoms associated with fever.
• Inflammation: The plant's roots contain anti-inflammatory compounds, such as sesquiterpenes, which can help to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain associated with conditions like arthritis.
• Digestive Issues: The plant's roots contain compounds with antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to soothe the digestive system, reduce inflammation, and alleviate symptoms associated with digestive issues.
• Cough: The plant's roots contain compounds with expectorant properties, which can help to thin and loosen mucus, making it easier to cough up and providing relief from coughs and respiratory issues.
• Gastroenteritis: The plant's roots contain compounds with antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to soothe the digestive system, reduce inflammation, and alleviate symptoms associated with gastroenteritis.
• Rheumatism: The plant's roots contain anti-inflammatory compounds, such as sesquiterpenes, which can help to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain associated with conditions like rheumatism.
• Nausea: The plant's roots contain compounds with anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties, which can help to reduce inflammation and soothe the digestive system, providing relief from nausea.
• Bronchitis: The plant's roots contain compounds with expectorant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to thin and loosen mucus, reduce inflammation, and alleviate symptoms associated with bronchitis.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Angelica archangelica, in each of the major medicinal systems.

Modern Western Medicine

In modern western medicine, Angelica archangelica is used to treat various health conditions, including diarrhea, inflammation, and menstrual cramps.

Its antispasmodic properties make it effective in soothing digestive issues and coughs, while its antimicrobial properties help combat urinary tract infections and fever. The plant's anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties also make it useful in treating respiratory infections, eczema, and nausea. Additionally, it is used to alleviate respiratory issues, gastroenteritis, skin conditions, hepatitis, gastritis, flatulence, gastrointestinal issues, and asthma, demonstrating its broad therapeutic potential.

Furthermore, its expectorant properties help relieve coughs and make it a useful adjunct in treating bronchitis.

Traditional Chinese Medicine

In traditional Chinese medicine, Angelica archangelica is used to treat a variety of health conditions, including diarrhea, fever, inflammation and cough, which are often alleviated by its antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Its medicinal compounds also help to relieve menstrual cramps, indigestion and nausea, making it a valuable treatment for digestive issues. Furthermore, Angelica archangelica is also used to address respiratory infections, bronchitis and respiratory infections, as well as treating conditions such as rheumatism, arthritis and malaria by reducing inflammation and pain. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties also make it effective in treating sore throat, respiratory infections, and gastroenteritis, as well as helping to prevent kidney stones and menstrual pain, and alleviating vomiting and fever reduction.

By addressing these various health conditions, Angelica archangelic has become a fundamental component of traditional Chinese medicine.

Ayurvedic Medicine

In ayurvedic medicine, Angelica archangelica is used to treat various health conditions, including diarrhea, menstrual cramps and fever by acting as a natural anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent.

It's also used to alleviate urinary tract infections, rheumatism and digestive issues through its anti-inflammatory and carminative properties, helping to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of dyspepsia. Furthermore, it's effective in managing gastroenteritis, nausea and indigestion, due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-emetic properties. Additionally, Angelica archangelica is used to treat inflammation, cough, bronchitis and respiratory infections by exhibiting expectorant and anti-inflammatory activities.

The herb is also beneficial in managing menstrual issues, vomiting, skin infections, respiratory infections, kidney stones, and arthritis, showcasing its diverse range of therapeutic properties.

Unani Medicine

In unani medicine, Angelica archangelica is used to treat various health conditions, including diarrhea, digestive issues, and fever, by utilizing its antispasmodic, carminative, and diaphoretic properties to alleviate symptoms.

The plant's anti-inflammatory properties also make it effective in treating menstrual cramps, inflammation, and rheumatism, while its expectorant properties help relieve cough, respiratory infections, and bronchitis. Additionally, Angelica archangelica is used to treat indigestion, and its febrifuge properties make it useful in reducing fever. This plant is also used to treat menstrual issues, asthma, and pneumonia, as well as urinary tract infections, nausea, arthritis, and gastrointestinal problems, including dyspepsia.

Furthermore, its respiratory problems and gastrointestinal problems treatments make it a valuable component in unani medicine.

Homeopathic Medicine

In homeopathic medicine, Angelica archangelica is used to treat menstrual cramps, with its antispasmodic properties providing relief.

It is also used to alleviate diarrhea, as well as inflammation and gastroenteritis, by reducing irritation and promoting healing in the digestive tract. Furthermore, Angelica archangelica is effective in addressing digestive issues, including coughs, nausea, and fever reduction, which makes it a valuable remedy for respiratory issues like bronchitis and respiratory infections. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties are beneficial in treating skin infections, as well as conditions like colic, indigestion, and rheumatism, and it has even been shown to help prevent kidney stones and reduce the severity of hepatitis.

Moreover, Angelica archangelica has been used to alleviate symptoms of eczema, gallstones, urinary tract infection.

What are the primary health benefits of Angelica archangelica?

Angelica archangelica reduces inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, while also lowering blood pressure through its diuretic and vasodilatory properties.

Relieving menstrual symptoms, it has been shown to decrease prostaglandin production, which contributes to cramping and other associated issues. Treats digestive problems, such as irritable bowel syndrome, by stimulating digestive enzymes and improving gut motility. Soothing respiratory issues, including coughs and colds, is attributed to its expectorant and mucolytic properties, which help clear mucus from the airways and prevent infections.

Additionally, Angelica archangelica prevents kidney damage by reducing renal inflammation and oxidative stress, fights cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, enhances immune function through its immunomodulatory effects, reduces stress levels by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and improves cognitive function through its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties.

The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Angelica archangelica.

The list below provides more details on why Angelica archangelica offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.

• Reduces Inflammation: This plant contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to reduce swelling and pain in the body by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines. The bioactive compounds present in this plant, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by scavenging free radicals and modulating the activity of various inflammatory mediators.
• Lowers Blood Pressure: The bioactive compounds present in this plant, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, have been shown to exhibit vasodilatory and antioxidant activities, which can help to lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels and reducing oxidative stress. The vasodilatory activity of these compounds can help to increase blood flow and reduce peripheral resistance, leading to a decrease in blood pressure.
• Relieves Menstrual: This plant has been traditionally used to relieve menstrual cramps and other symptoms associated with PMS due to its antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties. The bioactive compounds present in this plant, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been shown to exhibit antispasmodic activity by relaxing smooth muscle and reducing prostaglandin production, which can help to relieve menstrual cramps and other symptoms.
• Treats Digestive: This plant has been traditionally used to treat digestive disorders such as indigestion, bloating, and diarrhea due to its carminative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. The bioactive compounds present in this plant, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been shown to exhibit carminative activity by relaxing smooth muscle and reducing gas production, and antimicrobial activity by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the gut.
• Soothes Respiratory: This plant has been traditionally used to soothe respiratory disorders such as bronchitis, coughs, and colds due to its expectorant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. The bioactive compounds present in this plant, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been shown to exhibit expectorant activity by thinning mucus and making it easier to expel, and antimicrobial activity by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the respiratory tract.
• Prevents Kidney Damage: The bioactive compounds present in this plant, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which can help to prevent kidney damage by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys. The antioxidant activity of these compounds can help to scavenge free radicals and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines, leading to a reduction in kidney damage.
• Fights Cancer Cells: The bioactive compounds present in this plant, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been shown to exhibit anticancer activity by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and inducing apoptosis. The anticancer activity of these compounds can be attributed to their ability to scavenge free radicals, modulate the activity of various signaling pathways, and induce apoptosis in cancer cells, leading to a reduction in cancer cell growth and survival.
• Enhances Immune: This plant has been traditionally used to enhance the immune system due to its immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. The bioactive compounds present in this plant, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory activity by stimulating the activity of various immune cells, including macrophages and natural killer cells, and reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to an enhancement of the immune response.
• Reduces Stress Levels: This plant has been traditionally used to reduce stress levels due to its adaptogenic and antioxidant properties. The bioactive compounds present in this plant, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been shown to exhibit adaptogenic activity by reducing stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, and antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, leading to a reduction in stress levels.
• Improves Cognitive: The bioactive compounds present in this plant, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been shown to exhibit neuroprotective and antioxidant activities, which can help to improve cognitive function by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain. The neuroprotective activity of these compounds can help to scavenge free radicals, modulate the activity of various signaling pathways, and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines, leading to an improvement in cognitive function.

The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Angelica archangelica for each of the major body system.

Circulatory System

Angelica archangelica regulates blood pressure by exerting a direct effect on the cardiovascular system, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

It improves heart function by stabilizing cardiac rhythm and increasing cardiac output, which is attributed to its antimicrobial and vasodilatory properties. Additionally, Angelica archangelica increases oxygen flow to the tissues by enhancing circulation rate and improving endothelial function, resulting in increased oxygen delivery. This plant reduces inflammation levels in the cardiovascular system, which is responsible for its ability to protect against atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries.

Angelica archangelica also enhances circulation rate, lowers cholesterol levels, promotes vasodilation effect, reduces cardiac stress, and protects against atherosclerosis due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory properties.

The medicinal benefits of Angelica archangelica on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Varicose veins
• Poor circulation
• Thrombosis
• Raynaud's disease
• Atherosclerosis
• High blood pressure
• Arteriosclerosis
• Blood clots
• Edema

Digestive System

Angelica archangelica soothes digestive issues due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, reducing inflammation in the gut and fighting off bacterial infections that can cause digestive problems.

The plant stimulates gut health by increasing the production of stomach acid and digestive enzymes, improving the overall digestive process. Angelica archangelica also improves motility and enhances absorption by relaxing the smooth muscles in the digestive tract and increasing the surface area for nutrient uptake. Additionally, the plant calms ulcers by reducing inflammation and promoting the healing of the mucous lining of the stomach and intestines, preventing constipation by stimulating the muscles that control bowel movements.

The antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Angelica archangelica also help fight bacterial infections and relax muscles in the digestive tract, boosting the lymphatic system's ability to remove waste and toxins from the body.

The medicinal benefits of Angelica archangelica on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Indigestion
• Bloating
• Nausea
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Gastritis
• Crohn's disease

Endocrine System

Angelica archangelica regulates hormone production due to its flavonoid and terpenoid content, which exhibit estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities.

The plant stimulates thyroid function by activating thyroid hormone receptors and promoting the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone. It balances insulin levels through its insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce glucose uptake in the liver and enhance glucose uptake in the muscles. Angelica archangelica supports adrenal function by reducing cortisol levels and promoting the production of corticosterone, thereby maintaining a balance between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

The plant also enhances metabolism, improves pancreas function, reduces inflammation, boosts testosterone levels, and modulates cortisol, ultimately maintaining homeostasis through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and adaptogenic properties.

The medicinal benefits of Angelica archangelica on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Hypothyroidism
• Adrenal fatigue
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos)
• Diabetes
• Hypoglycemia
• Menopause
• Hirsutism
• Cushing's syndrome

Integumentary System

Angelica archangelica accelerates wound healing due to its antimicrobial properties that inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, preventing infections and promoting a conducive environment for healing.

The plant prevents skin inflammation by exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, thereby minimizing tissue damage and promoting tissue repair. Additionally, its antioxidant properties reduce acne formation by neutralizing free radicals that cause oxidative stress and inflammation in the skin. Angelica archangelica soothes skin irritation by exerting anti-allergic and anti-histamine effects, which alleviate symptoms such as redness, itching, and swelling.

By boosting immune response, enhancing skin regeneration, reducing skin redness, protecting skin barrier, fading scar tissue, and cooling skin temperature, Angelica archangelica effectively supports the integumentary system's natural healing processes.

The medicinal benefits of Angelica archangelica on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Acne
• Eczema
• Psoriasis
• Wound healing
• Bruises
• Stretch marks

Lymphatic System

Angelica archangelica reduces inflammation by containing anti-inflammatory compounds that inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, thereby alleviating inflammatory responses.

It boosts immunity by possessing immunomodulatory properties that stimulate the activity of immune cells, such as macrophages and natural killer cells, to enhance the body's defense against pathogens. Angelica archangelica improves detoxification by exhibiting diuretic and choleretic properties, which stimulate the kidneys and liver to increase urine and bile production, facilitating the elimination of toxins from the body. Additionally, it enhances circulation by displaying vasodilatory and hemorheological properties, improving blood flow and reducing blood viscosity.

Angelica archangelica also regulates hormones by containing estrogenic and androgenic compounds that modulate the activity of hormone-sensitive enzymes, while increasing antibodies by stimulating the production of immunoglobulins, supports tissue repair by producing growth factors that promote cellular regeneration, stimulates lymph flow by exhibiting lymphotropic properties that enhance lymphatic drainage, fights infections by possessing antimicrobial and antiviral properties that inhibit the growth and replication of microorganisms, and prevents cell damage by displaying antioxidant properties that neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress.

The medicinal benefits of Angelica archangelica on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Lymphadenitis
• Edema
• Lymphangitis
• Lymphedema
• Phlebitis
• Lymphostasis
• Lymphagitis
• Varicose veins

Musculoskeletal System

Angelica archangelica reduces muscle pain by containing sesquiterpenes and phenolic acids, which exhibit anti-inflammatory properties that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and suppress nociceptor activity.

Relaxing tense muscles is facilitated by the plant's flavonoids and alkaloids, which have a sedative effect on the nervous system. Healing joint inflammation is attributed to Angelica's anti-inflammatory compounds, which reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppress the activity of inflammatory enzymes. Soothing arthritis symptoms is achieved through the plant's antioxidant properties, which neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative stress.

The plant's ability to relieve fibromyalgia is due to its anti-nociceptive properties, which inhibit the transmission of pain signals to the brain.

The medicinal benefits of Angelica archangelica on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Tendinitis
• Bursitis
• Rheumatism
• Arthritis
• Muscle spasm
• Gout
• Fibromyalgia

Nervous System

Angelica archangelica calm nervous system through its sedative properties, which are attributed to the presence of sesquiterpenes and alkaloids.

This plant reduce anxiety levels by modulating the GABAergic system, a neurotransmitter pathway involved in anxiety regulation. Its anti-inflammatory properties also help regulate heart rate and stabilize blood pressure, making it a potential therapeutic agent for cardiovascular disorders. Angelica archangelica relieve stress symptoms by exerting anxiolytic effects, and its ability to prevent migraine attacks is linked to the inhibition of serotonin release.

Moreover, this plant soothe nerve pain through its analgesic properties, enhance cognitive function by increasing acetylcholine levels, improve sleep quality by promoting a restful state, and boost mood stability by modulating the dopaminergic system.

The medicinal benefits of Angelica archangelica on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Insomnia
• Stress
• Neuritis
• Neuralgia
• Rheumatism

Reproductive System

Angelica archangelica regulates menstrual cycles due to its anti-inflammatory properties, reducing uterine cramps and spasms that often accompany irregular periods.

This plant promotes fertility by its antioxidant properties, which protect the ovaries from oxidative stress, thus preserving their function and supporting the development of healthy eggs. The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of Angelica archangelica treat infertility by alleviating inflammation in the reproductive tract, preventing infections that can hinder conception. Regular consumption of this plant relieves PMS symptoms such as mood swings and breast tenderness thanks to its ability to balance hormone levels.

Furthermore, Angelica archangelica improves ovulation, enhances libido, reduces menopause symptoms, treats endometriosis by its anti-inflammatory effects, supports pregnancy due to its ability to balance hormone levels and prevent miscarriage by its antioxidant properties.

The medicinal benefits of Angelica archangelica on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Menorrhagia
• Menstrual cramps
• Endometriosis
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Ovarian cysts
• Hormonal imbalance

Respiratory System

Angelica archangelica relaxes airways by exhibiting bronchodilatory properties, which help expand the airways and improve breathing.

The anti-inflammatory compounds present in the plant, such as ferulic acid and isoferulic acid, calm inflammation, reducing swelling and redness in the respiratory tract. Angelica archangelica soothes coughs with its expectorant properties, helping to loosen and remove mucus from the airways. The antimicrobial properties of the plant, including the presence of terpenes and phenolic compounds, fight infections, protecting the respiratory system from pathogens.

By clearing mucus, easing congestion, boosting immunity, reducing allergy symptoms, healing lung tissues, and preventing asthma attacks, Angelica archangelica provides comprehensive support for the respiratory system.

The medicinal benefits of Angelica archangelica on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Bronchitis
• Asthma
• Cough
• Sinusitis
• Tuberculosis

Urinary System

Angelica archangelica relieves urinary incontinence due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce spasms and calm the urinary tract muscles.

It reduces bladder inflammation by exhibiting antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, thereby preventing the growth of harmful bacteria and minimizing oxidative stress. Angelica archangelica prevents kidney stone formation through its diuretic and antispasmodic properties, increasing urine production and relaxing the muscles in the urinary tract. This plant helps manage enuresis in children by regulating the bladder's ability to hold urine, and it treats interstitial cystitis with its soothing anti-inflammatory effects.

By alleviating urinary tract infections, soothing irritated bladder walls, curing adenoma of the prostate, preventing urethritis symptoms, and treating urolithiasis pain with its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, Angelica archangelica provides comprehensive relief for the urinary system.

The medicinal benefits of Angelica archangelica on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.

• Kidney stones
• Urinary tract infections
• Prostatitis
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Kidney inflammation
• Urinary retention

What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Angelica archangelica?

The therapeutic properties of Angelica archangelica are attributed to its antimicrobial properties, which are effective against various pathogens.

The plant's antioxidant activity is partly due to the presence of flavonoids, which can neutralize free radicals and protect against oxidative stress. Its anti-inflammatory properties are thought to be mediated by sesquiterpenes, which can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes. Additionally, Angelica archangelica exhibits antispasmodic and analgesic properties, likely due to the action of volatile oils, which can relax smooth muscles and reduce pain.

The plant's antibacterial and antifungal properties, as well as its hepatoprotective and diuretic effects, are also attributed to the presence of saponins and other bioactive compounds, while its expectorant properties are thought to be mediated by the action of essential oils on the respiratory system.

The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Angelica archangelica.

The list below provides more details on why Angelica archangelica has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.

• Antimicrobial: Angelica archangelica has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial properties, which are due to the presence of compounds such as sesquiterpenes and polyacetylenes. These compounds have been found to inhibit the growth of various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and yeast.
• Antioxidant: Angelica archangelica contains antioxidants such as ferulic acid, apiin, and scopoletin, which have been shown to scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage. This property may contribute to the plant's potential health benefits and its ability to protect against certain diseases.
• Anti-Inflammatory: The extracts of Angelica archangelica have been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties, which are due to the presence of compounds such as ferulic acid and apiin. These compounds have been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, and to reduce inflammation in various models of disease.
• Antispasmodic: Angelica archangelica has been traditionally used as an antispasmodic agent, and its extracts have been found to relax smooth muscle and reduce spasms in various tissues. This property may contribute to the plant's ability to alleviate symptoms of conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome.
• Analgesic: The extracts of Angelica archangelica have been found to possess analgesic properties, which are due to the presence of compounds such as ferulic acid and apiin. These compounds have been shown to reduce pain in various models of disease, and to exhibit anti-nociceptive activity.
• Antibacterial: Angelica archangelica has been found to exhibit antibacterial properties, which are due to the presence of compounds such as sesquiterpenes and polyacetylenes. These compounds have been shown to inhibit the growth of various bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
• Antifungal: Angelica archangelica has been found to exhibit antifungal properties, which are due to the presence of compounds such as sesquiterpenes and polyacetylenes. These compounds have been shown to inhibit the growth of various fungi, including Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.
• Hepatoprotective: The extracts of Angelica archangelica have been found to possess hepatoprotective properties, which are due to the presence of compounds such as ferulic acid and apiin. These compounds have been shown to reduce liver damage and to protect against liver disease in various models of disease.
• Diuretic: Angelica archangelica has been traditionally used as a diuretic agent, and its extracts have been found to increase urine production and to reduce fluid retention in various models of disease. This property may contribute to the plant's ability to alleviate symptoms of conditions such as edema.
• Expectorant: Angelica archangelica has been traditionally used as an expectorant agent, and its extracts have been found to increase mucus production and to facilitate its expulsion in various models of disease. This property may contribute to the plant's ability to alleviate symptoms of conditions such as bronchitis and asthma.

What are the major healing constituents of Angelica archangelica?

The healing constituents of Angelica archangelica are primarily responsible for its medicinal properties.

Coumarins, such as scopoletin and herniarin, exhibit anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant activities, whereas saponins display immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects. Phenolic acids, including ferulic and sinapic acids, demonstrate antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, while flavonoids like kaempferol and quercetin possess anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. The volatile oils, including bergamotene and bisabolol, exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, contributing to the plant's wound-healing and anti-inflammatory properties.

The combination of these constituents in Angelica archangelica makes it a valuable herb in traditional medicine for the treatment of various conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders and respiratory infections.

The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Angelica archangelica.

The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Angelica archangelica and why they are important for health.

• Coumarins: Coumarins are a group of compounds found in Angelica archangelica, known for their anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
• Saponins: A type of glycoside found in Angelica archangelica, characterized by their surfactant and hemolytic properties.
• Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids from Angelica archangelica have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, with potential antimicrobial effects and ability to scavenge free radicals.
• Flavonoids: Flavonoids, present in Angelica archangelica, possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
• Volatile oils: Found in Angelica archangelica, volatile oils have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
• Furanocoumarins: Furanocoumarins are sesquiterpene lactones with phototoxic and antiproliferative properties.
• Ligustilide: A sesquiterpene lactone constituent of Angelica archangelica, known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties.
• Terpenoids: Terpenoids are found in Angelica archangelica and exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
• Lignans: Lignans have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Phthalides: Phthalides are sesquiterpenic lactones with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Angelica archangelica and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.

What are the most used parts of Angelica archangelica in medicine?

The most used parts of Angelica archangelica for medicinal purposes are roots, leaves, rhizomes, and flowers.

The roots contain sesquiterpenes, particularly angelan and bergamottin, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. The leaves are rich in flavonoids, including kaempferol and quercetin, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The rhizomes contain volatile oils, specifically angelic acid and its esters, which display carminative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects.

The flowers contain flavonoids, including isorhapontigenin and kaempferol, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Angelica archangelica in medicine.

The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Angelica archangelica in medicine and why.

• Roots: The roots of this plant are rich in angelan, a glycosidic compound, along with other bioactive compounds like phenolic acids and essential oils, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antispasmodic properties, providing relief from digestive issues, pain, and inflammation.
• Leaves: The leaves of this plant contain a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and essential oils, which possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making them useful in treating wounds, reducing fever, and alleviating respiratory issues.
• Rhizomes: The rhizomes of this plant are primarily composed of angelan, a glycosidic compound, as well as other bioactive compounds like sesquiterpenes and essential oils, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and expectorant properties, providing relief from respiratory issues, coughs, and digestive problems.
• Flowers: The flowers of this plant are rich in bioactive compounds like sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and essential oils, which possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making them useful in treating wounds, reducing fever, and alleviating respiratory issues.

The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Angelica archangelica mentioned above.

What are the most common medicinal preparations of Angelica archangelica?

The most common herbal preparation of Angelica archangelica for medicinal purposes are tinctures, used to treat various ailments such as fever and inflammation due to their expectorant properties.

A salve is also prepared from the roots and rhizomes of Angelica archangelica, applied topically to relieve pain and inflammation of the skin and muscles. Decoctions are another preparation made from the plant's roots and rhizomes, utilized to treat digestive issues, including indigestion and bloating. Consuming a tea made from the leaves of Angelica archangelica is also beneficial for treating respiratory issues, such as coughs and colds, and can also help to reduce fever.

Suppositories prepared from Angelica archangelica are used to treat digestive issues, particularly in cases of irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal disorders.

The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Angelica archangelica.

The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Angelica archangelica and what are their main uses.

• Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to treat rheumatism, fever, and indigestion, and to support kidney and liver function.
• Salve: Salve made from this plant is used to treat inflammation, pain, and digestive issues, and to relieve symptoms of menstrual cramps and menopausal hot flashes.
• Decoction: Decoction made from this plant is used for its antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties, commonly used to treat rheumatism, fever, and digestive issues.
• Tea: Tea made from this plant is traditionally used to treat rheumatism, arthritis and fever, as well as to aid digestion and reduce inflammation.

The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Angelica archangelica for each medicinal preparation.

Tincture

Angelica archangelica tincture is a herbal preparation used to treat various health issues, including digestive problems, such as indigestion and bloating, inflammation, menstrual cramps and relief, antibacterial properties to fight off infections, respiratory issues like bronchitis and coughs, antiviral properties to combat viral infections, fever reduction and wound healing.

It is one of the most commonly used herbal tinctures, found in many traditional medicine cabinets, due to its broad range of applications and effectiveness. The most common effect of this preparation is its ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain. The tincture is typically made from the roots and rhizomes of the Angelica plant, which are rich in bioactive compounds.

Although it can be made at home, the process is moderately difficult, requiring precise measurements and equipment to achieve the desired potency and quality.

Below you find an image of Angelica archangelica tincture.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Angelica archangelica tincture.

1. Gather fresh or dried Angelica archangelica roots and rhizomes.
2. Clean and chop the roots and rhizomes into small pieces.
3. Combine the chopped roots and rhizomes with a neutral solvent, such as vodka or glycerin, in a clean glass jar.
4. Steep the mixture in a cool, dark place for 2-6 weeks, shaking the jar occasionally.
5. Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or coffee filter into another clean glass jar, discarding the solids.

Salve

Angelica archangelica salve is a traditional herbal preparation used to treat various skin conditions, including bruises, wounds, rashes, eczema, psoriasis, insect bites, and minor cuts, as well as skin irritation.

It is a common treatment in folk medicine, often used in conjunction with other natural remedies. The salve typically has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which contribute to its soothing and healing effects on the skin. The preparation is made from the roots, rhizomes, and leaves of the Angelica archangelica plant, which are harvested and then processed to extract their active compounds.

However, the process of creating this salve can be complex and labor-intensive, requiring precise techniques to preserve the plant's potency and effectiveness.

Below you find an image of Angelica archangelica salve.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Angelica archangelica salve.

1. Gather fresh or dried Angelica archangelica roots, rhizomes, and leaves for use in the salve.
2. Combine the Angelica archangelica roots, rhizomes, and leaves in a large pot and cover them with a neutral oil, such as olive or grapeseed oil.
3. Simmer the Angelica archangelica mixture over low heat for several hours, allowing the oil to infuse with the plant's medicinal properties.
4. Strain the infused oil through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean container, discarding the solids and reserving the infused oil.
5. Combine the infused oil with a thickening agent, such as beeswax or candelilla wax, and heat the mixture gently until the wax is fully melted and the salve has reached the desired consistency.

Decoction

Angelica archangelica decoction is used to treat gastroenteritis, menorrhagia, rheumatism, digestive issues, fever, inflammation, cough, and anemia.

It's a common preparation in herbal medicine, often used to alleviate symptoms. This decoction typically causes a diuretic effect, increasing urine production. The preparation is made from the roots, rhizomes, and leaves of Angelica archangelica plant, which are combined and then decocted in water.

Making Angelica archangelica decoction is moderately difficult, requiring precise measurements and a suitable cooking time to extract the desired compounds.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Angelica archangelica decoction.

1. Gather fresh or dried roots and rhizomes of Angelica archangelica and leaves for the decoction.
2. Cut the roots and rhizomes into smaller pieces and chop the leaves to release their active compounds.
3. Combine the chopped roots, rhizomes, and leaves in a saucepan with enough water to cover the plant material.
4. Bring the mixture to a boil and then reduce the heat to a simmer for 10-15 minutes to allow the flavors to meld.
5. Strain the decoction and discard the solids, allowing the liquid to cool before using it as needed.

Tea

Angelica archangelica tea is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat various health issues.

It's commonly employed to alleviate inflammation, gallbladder problems, digestive issues, respiratory issues, fever reduction, menstrual cramps, anxiety, and skin conditions. This preparation is widely used due to its proven effectiveness.

A common effect of consuming Angelica archangelica tea is its ability to calm the nervous system. The tea is typically made from the roots, rhizomes, and leaves of the Angelica archangelica plant.

Preparation is straightforward, as it involves steeping the plant material in hot water to release its active compounds.

Below you find an image of Angelica archangelica tea.

Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Angelica archangelica tea.

1. Gather Angelica archangelica roots, rhizomes, and leaves from a trusted source.
2. Rinse the Angelica archangelica roots, rhizomes, and leaves with cold water to clean them.
3. Combine the Angelica archangelica roots, rhizomes, and leaves in a large pot and add enough water to cover them.
4. Bring the water to a boil, then reduce the heat and simmer the mixture for 10-15 minutes.
5. Strain the tea through a cheesecloth or a fine-mesh sieve into a separate container and discard the solids.

What are the possible side effects of Angelica archangelica if used improperly?

The possible side effects of improperly using Angelica archangelica are experiencing diarrhea due to the plant's volatile compounds and saponins, which may cause stomach upset in some individuals.

Developing allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, is also a potential risk if the plant is ingested or applied topically without proper identification or preparation. Increasing blood pressure may occur due to the plant's potential stimulation of the cardiovascular system. Experiencing nausea and vomiting can also occur, especially if the plant is ingested in large quantities or by individuals with pre-existing gastrointestinal issues.

Additionally, using the plant improperly may cause skin irritation, induce seizures in rare cases, increase heart rate and cardiac output, lead to liver damage from prolonged exposure to its toxic compounds, cause respiratory depression from inhalation of its volatile oils, and interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners and diabetes medications.

The most common side effects Angelica archangelica gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Experiencing Diarrhea: Angelica archangelica extracts cause gastrointestinal irritation leading to loose, frequent bowel movements.
• Developing Allergic Reactions: Some individuals develop an immune response to Angelica archangelica, leading to allergic reactions, such as contact dermatitis and anaphylaxis.
• Increasing Blood Pressure: Consuming large amounts of Angelica archangelica root may cause an increase in blood pressure due to its high potassium and inulin content.
• Experiencing Nausea: Large doses of Angelica archangelica cause stomach irritation leading to nausea.
• Causing Skin Irritation: Contact with Angelica archangelica plant causes skin irritation, leading to redness, itching and rashes.
• Inducing Seizures: Large doses of Angelica archangelica extracts cause convulsions and seizures due to its neurotoxic properties, particularly when containing high concentrations of furanocoumarins and sesquiterpenes.
• Increasing Heart Rate: Angelica archangelica contains compounds that stimulate the heart and increase heart rate.
• Experiencing Liver Damage: Prolonged consumption of Angelica archangelica can cause liver damage due to its hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
• Causing Respiratory Depression: Angelica archangelica contains furanocoumarins that reduce respiratory rate in large doses.
• Interacting With Medications: Concomitant use of Angelica archangelica with anticoagulant medications increases the risk of bleeding.

What are the precautions to take before using Angelica archangelica medicinally?

The precautions to take before using Angelica archangelica medicinally are to consult a healthcare professional before use, especially if you have any underlying medical conditions, as it may interact with certain medications.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding risks are associated with the use of Angelica archangelica, as it may stimulate the uterus and cause hormonal imbalance. Potential interactions with medications, such as diabetes medications and blood thinners, also exist, and individuals taking these medications should be cautious when using the plant. Allergic reactions, including skin rashes and itching, are possible, and individuals should monitor their body's response.

Furthermore, overdose risk, liver and kidney damage, increased bleeding risk, monitoring blood sugar levels, avoiding use in children and infants, and reporting any side effects are also considerations that individuals should be aware of.

The most important precautions you must take before using Angelica archangelica for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.

• Consult A Healthcare Professional Before Use: Potential interactions with medications, including anticoagulants, diuretics, and diabetes medications, may occur.
• Pregnancy And Breastfeeding Risks: The root of Angelica archangelica contains furanocoumarins, which may stimulate uterine contractions and cause complications in pregnant women.
• Potential Interactions With Medications: Concomitant use with anticoagulant, diabetes, and blood pressure medications can increase the risk of bleeding, hypoglycemia, and hypotension.
• Allergic Reactions: Some people experience skin irritation, hives, or anaphylaxis after ingesting or topical application of Angelica archangelica due to allergenic compounds.
• Overdose Risk: Overdosing on Angelica archangelica root or seed extract can cause severe vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, and may lead to liver and kidney damage.
• Liver And Kidney Damage: Long-term consumption of Angelica archangelica can cause liver and kidney damage due to its hepatotoxic compounds.
• Increased Bleeding Risk: Use with anticoagulant medications or during surgery increases bleeding risk.
• Monitor Blood Sugar Levels: Those with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels when using Angelica archangelica due to its hypoglycemic effects.
• Avoid In Children And Infants: Children and infants should not use Angelica archangelica due to risk of phytoestrogenic effects and potential thyroid problems.
• Report Any Side Effects: Inform a healthcare provider about any unusual symptoms, such as dizziness, stomach upset, or allergic reactions, after consuming Angelica archangelica

Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Angelica archangelica?

Yes, there are several scientific studies that prove the medicianl effectiveness of Angelica archangelica. Here are some studies that are worthy of notice.

According to a study published by "Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny", the water and alcohol extracts of Angelica archangelica have been found to possess significant antimutagenic properties, effectively reducing the mutagenic activity of thio-tepa by up to 77%. This reduction in mutagenicity is attributed to the extracts being injected prior to thio-tepa treatment. The findings suggest that Angelica archangelica extracts may be beneficial in protecting cells from genotoxic effects.

In another study published by the Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the essential oil of the root of Angelica archangelica exhibited antiseizure effects, suppressing the duration of tonic convulsions and delaying the onset of clonic convulsions in mice. This antiseizure effect may be attributed to the presence of terpenes in the essential oil, which showed recovery in maximal electroshock-induced seizures and provided mortality protection in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Furthermore, the study suggested that the antiseizure effect of Angelica archangelica's essential oil may be beneficial in managing seizures.

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