What to know about Aloysia citriodora (lemon verbena) before using it medicinally

Aloysia citriodora, commonly known as lemon verbena, is a fragrant herb that boasts a range of health benefits, including the ability to reduce stress and anxiety, improve sleep quality, and soothe digestive issues.

In terms of horticulture, lemon verbena is a relatively low-maintenance plant that requires well-draining soil and partial shade, making it a popular choice for gardeners and herbalists alike. Botanically, Aloysia citriodora is a member of the Verbenaceae family and is characterized by its distinctive citrus-scented leaves and clusters of small, white flowers.

Historically, lemon verbena has been prized for its medicinal properties, dating back to the 17th century when it was used by European herbalists to treat a range of ailments, including indigestion and fever.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Aloysia citriodora.

What are the medicinal properties of Aloysia citriodora?

Aloysia citriodora helps with anxiety and insomnia due to its calming and sedative properties. It has been used to treat digestive issues, such as bloating and indigestion, and to alleviate symptoms of menopause. Its antispasmodic properties make it beneficial for treating muscle spasms and cramps.

The active constituents responsible for the medicinal properties of Aloysia citriodora are limonene, citral, and linalool. These essential oils have been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to the plant's overall medicinal benefits.

The parts of Aloysia citriodora used for medicinal purposes are the leaves, stems, and flowers. The leaves are the most commonly used, as they contain the highest concentration of essential oils. The leaves can be made into teas, infusions, or tinctures to extract their medicinal properties.

Improper use of Aloysia citriodora can cause side effects such as skin irritation, allergic reactions, and interactions with medications. The essential oils can also cause phototoxicity, leading to skin discoloration and sensitivity to sunlight.

Precautions when using Aloysia citriodora medicinally include using it under the guidance of a healthcare professional, avoiding its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and being cautious when using it with other medications or supplements. It is also essential to start with low dosages and gradually increase as needed.

What are the horticulural aspects of Aloysia citriodora?

Aloysia citriodora grow best in well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0, in full sun to partial shade, and with temperatures between 64°F (18°C) and 85°F (29°C). It requires regular watering, especially during the first year after planting. Average annual rainfall is also suitable for its growth.

Planting tips include selecting a location with good air circulation, as this plant is susceptible to fungal diseases. Plant seeds or seedlings in the spring or fall, about 12-18 inches apart, and water regularly until they are established. Fertilize lightly, as excessive nitrogen can reduce its essential oil production.

Harvesting tips involve cutting stems in the morning, after the dew has evaporated, to encourage new growth. Harvest individual leaves or stems as needed, or prune the entire plant to maintain a desired shape or size. Harvested leaves can be used fresh or dried for later use.

Common pests of Aloysia citriodora include aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew and root rot, can also affect the plant. Regular pruning and watering practices can help prevent some of these issues.

What are the botanical aspects of Aloysia citriodora?

Aloysia citriodora is a shrub-like plant that typically grows to 3-6 meters in height and width, with a woody stem, a rough bark, and a leafy, branching habit. Its leaves are lance-shaped, opposite, and have a length of 4-10 cm.

Aloysia citriodora belongs to the Lamiaceae family, which comprises over 7,000 species of plants, commonly known as mint, and is classified as Aloysia citriodora in the genus Aloysia. The species is native to South America, specifically the subtropical regions of Brazil and Argentina.

There are two main variants of Aloysia citriodora: the compact, shrub-like variant and the more spreading, vine-like variant. The compact variant grows to 2-3 meters in height, while the spreading variant can grow up to 4-6 meters tall and wide. Both variants produce the same citrus-scented leaves and flowers.

Aloysia citriodora is native to the subtropical regions of South America, particularly in the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná in Brazil, and in the provinces of Misiones and Corrientes in Argentina. It is also cultivated in other parts of the world, including Europe and North America, for its fragrant leaves and essential oils.

The life cycle of Aloysia citriodora is a typical example of a perennial plant. It grows from late spring to early autumn, produces white, tubular flowers in the summer, and dies back in the winter. New growth begins in late winter or early spring, and the plant reaches its full height and leaf production by mid-summer.

What are the historical aspects of Aloysia citriodora?

Aloysia citriodora is a plant with a long history of use in various cultures for its culinary, medicinal, and spiritual purposes. In ancient Greece, it was used to flavor food and drinks, while in medieval Europe, it was used to treat digestive problems and fever.

In various mythologies, lemon verbena is associated with the goddesses of love and beauty, such as Aphrodite and Freyja. In Greek mythology, the goddess Aphrodite was said to have used lemon verbena to perfume her bathwater. Similarly, in Norse mythology, the goddess Freyja was said to have worn a necklace made of lemon verbena flowers.

Throughout history, lemon verbena has been imbued with symbolic meanings, particularly in relation to love and beauty. In ancient Rome, it was used as a symbol of marriage and fidelity, while in medieval Europe, it was used in wedding ceremonies to promote fertility and prosperity.

Historical texts provide evidence of lemon verbena's use in ancient civilizations. The Greek physician Hippocrates (460-370 BCE) wrote about the plant's medicinal properties, while the Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder (23-79 CE) described its use in perfumes and cosmetics.

Archaeological evidence reveals the widespread use of lemon verbena in ancient artifacts. Excavations in ancient Greek and Roman cities have uncovered ceramic vessels and perfume bottles containing lemon verbena oil, while textiles and clothing have been found with lemon verbena patterns and designs.