sage-leaved alangium

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• sage-leaf alangium
• Sage Leaved Alangium

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Karangolum salviifolium
• Karangolum mohillae
• Alangium salviifolium subsp. decapetalum
• Alangium sundanum var. miqueliana
• Alangium decapetalum
• Alangium mohillae
• Alangium latifolium

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae, it is organized under the order Cornales and the family Cornaceae. Finally, it is identified by its specific genus, Alangium.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a wide geographical distribution spanning multiple continents and regions. In East Tropical Africa, it can be found growing in both Kenya and Tanzania. Its presence extends into the Western Indian Ocean, specifically within the Comoros islands. Furthermore, the species is well-established across the Indian Subcontinent. Within this area, it is documented to grow in both Bangladesh and India.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Aliangium salviifolium is characterized by a highly specific and restricted altitudinal niche, as it is exclusively documented at a precise elevation. The species occupies a narrow ecological band with a minimum elevation of 1200 m AMSL, a maximum elevation of 1200 m AMSL, and a mean elevation of 1200 m AMSL. This indicates that the plant is specialized to thrive within a very specific montane or sub-montane belt, suggesting that its survival is closely tied to the particular climatic, temperature, and moisture conditions found at this exact altitude.

Elevational range max:

1200 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Angelica salviifolium is characterized by a perennial lifecycle, allowing the plant to persist through multiple growing seasons. It exhibits a complex morphological strategy, functioning as a phanerophyte with structural characteristics that also align with a nanophanerophyte life form. Regarding its seasonal foliage patterns, the species is deciduous, shedding its leaves as part of its natural phenological cycle.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Life form :

nanophanerophyte

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Alangium salviifolium is characterized by its growth form as a woody tree, reaching a mean height of approximately 10 m. It functions as a self-supporting plant, exhibiting neither climbing nor parasitic tendencies, as it grows as an independent organism. This species is strictly terrestrial in its habitat, lacking any aquatic, semiaquatic, or epiphytic characteristics, such as being a holoepiphyte or hemiepiphyte. Its structural development is defined by its woody nature, supporting its upright, tree-like stature without the need for external support or reliance on a host.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height mean:

10 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Angelica salviifolium is characterized by its specific carbon assimilation strategy and distinct morphological dimensions. The plant utilizes the C3 photosynthetic pathway, a metabolic process common in many temperate medicinal species that relies on the direct fixation of CO2 via the enzyme RuBisCO. Morphologically, the leaf structure exhibits significant variability in size; the leaf length typically averages 10 cm, with a range extending from a minimum of 7 cm to a maximum of 13 cm. Similarly, the leaf width demonstrates a mean measurement of 4.5 cm, fluctuating between a minimum of 3 cm and a maximum of 6 cm. In terms of nutrient cycling and soil interaction, the plant does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it relies on the uptake of available nitrates and ammonium from the soil rather than symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Leaf length max:

13 cm

Leaf length mean:

10 cm

Leaf length min:

7 cm

Leaf width max:

6 cm

Leaf width mean:

4.5 cm

Leaf width min:

3 cm

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Aliangium salviifolium is driven by biotic pollination syndromes, specifically relying on bees to facilitate the transfer of pollen. Following successful pollination, the plant develops characteristic fruits that exhibit specific morphological dimensions. The fruits typically maintain a consistent length, with a mean length of 1.5 cm and a minimum and maximum value both recorded at 1.5 cm. In terms of width, the fruits show more variability, ranging from a minimum of 0.9 cm to a maximum of 1.2 cm, with an overall mean fruit width of 1.05 cm.

Fruit length max:

1.5 cm

Fruit width max:

1.2 cm

Fruit width mean:

1.05 cm

Fruit width min:

0.9 cm

Pollination syndrome :

bee

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Alangium salviifolium has 3 reported plant parts identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include fruit, flower, leaf.

Fruit

1. Journal of natural products
2. Phytochemistry

Flower

1. Fitoterapia

Leaf

1. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters

Chemicals

Alangium salviifolium has 18 reported phytochemicals identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Deoxytubulosine, 1',2'-Dehydrotubulosine, 10-O-Demethylcephaeline, Alangine, Alangiside.

Deoxytubulosine

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products
3. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

1',2'-Dehydrotubulosine

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products

10-O-Demethylcephaeline

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products

Alangine

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products

Alangiside

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products

Cephaeline

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products

Isocephaeline

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products

Isotubulosine

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products

Neocephaeline

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products

Protoemetine

1. Dr. Duke
2. Journal of natural products

Activities

Alangium salviifolium has 32 reported activities identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Amebicide, Anthelmintic, AntiHIV, Antibacterial, Anticancer.

Amebicide

1. Dr. Duke

Anthelmintic

1. Dr. Duke

AntiHIV

1. Dr. Duke

Antibacterial

1. Dr. Duke

Anticancer

1. Dr. Duke

Anticarcinomic

1. Dr. Duke

Antiedemic

1. Dr. Duke

Antifeedant

1. Dr. Duke

Antiflu

1. Dr. Duke

Antihypertensive

1. Dr. Duke

Conditions

Alangium salviifolium has 3 reported investigations on conditions identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, cancer.

Gram-negative bacteria

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Gram-positive bacteria

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Cancer

1. Phytochemistry

Preparations

Alangium salviifolium has 3 reported preparations identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include deoxytubulosine, dried fruits, tylophorinidine.

Deoxytubulosine

1. Indian journal of biochemistry & biophysics

Dried fruits

1. Journal of natural products

Tylophorinidine

1. Indian journal of biochemistry & biophysics