Fragrant Agrimony

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Fragrant Agrimony
• scented agrimony

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Agrimonia glandulosa
• Agrimonia odorata var. procera
• Agrimonia procera f. glandulosa
• Agrimonia odorata var. suaveolens
• Agrimonia odorata var. glandulosa
• Agrimonia leroyi
• Agrimonia eupatoria subsp. procera
• Agrimonia eupatoria var. procera
• Agrimonia acutifolia
• Agrimonia robusta
• Agrimonia robusta

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae, it is positioned in the order Rosales and the family Rosaceae. Its specific taxonomic identification is completed by its placement in the genus Agrimonia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a specific geographical distribution across several regions within Northern Europe. It can be found growing in the coastal and inland areas of Denmark. Additionally, the species is documented throughout Great Britain and Ireland. Its presence also extends further north into the territories of Norway. Finally, the range of this medicinal plant includes the country of Sweden.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Agrimonia procera is characterized by its preference for forest habitats, where it thrives within the complex structural layers of these ecosystems. This species exhibits a significant vertical distribution across varied landscapes, occupying an elevational range that spans from a minimum of 155 m AMSL to a maximum of 2134 m AMSL. This wide altitudinal gradient suggests that the plant is capable of adapting to a diverse array of environmental conditions, ranging from lowland tropical or subtropical forest settings to more temperate, montane forest environments at higher altitudes.

Elevational range max:

2134 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

155 m AMSL

Habitat :

forest

Life history

The life history of Agrimonia procera is characterized by its status as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons. As a hemicryptophyte, its perennating buds are located at or just below the soil surface, a strategy that protects its vital structures from environmental fluctuations. This species exhibits a deciduous nature, shedding its foliage periodically as part of its seasonal cycle. This combination of a perennial lifecycle, a hemicryptophytic life form, and deciduousness defines its biological strategy for survival and regeneration within its natural habitat.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Life form :

hemicryptophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Agriemonia procera is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody herb and forb. It functions as a self-supporting plant and is categorized as an independent organism, neither acting as a parasite nor an epiphyte, as it maintains a terrestrial habit. In terms of stature, the plant exhibits significant variability in height, with measurements ranging from a minimum of 0.3 m to a maximum of 1.8 m, maintaining an average height of approximately 0.95 m.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Growth form :

forb

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

1.8 m

Plant height mean:

0.95 m

Plant height min:

0.3 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Agriemonia procera is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its carbon fixation processes and metabolic efficiency. The plant exhibits a non-carnivorous nutritional strategy, relying entirely on its root system and soil nutrients rather than the capture of prey. Morphologically, its foliage is substantial, with a mean leaf size of approximately 124.16 cm². This leaf structure is further defined by a mean Specific Leaf Area (SLA) of 195.23 cm²/g, reflecting a specific balance between leaf thickness and surface area that influences its resource acquisition and light interception capabilities.

Carnivory :

non-carnivorous

Leaf size mean:

124.16057 cm²

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Specific Leaf Area (SLA) mean:

195.23 cm²/g

Reproduction

The reproduction of Agriemonia procera is characterized by a specialized sexual reproductive cycle that relies on biotic interactions. The flowering period typically commences in June and concludes in August, during which the plant utilizes a biotic pollination syndrome, specifically driven by insect vectors. This pollination process is successful due to the absence of self-fertilization, necessitating cross-pollination to ensure genetic diversity. Following successful fertilization, the plant produces fruits classified as achenes. These fruits are indehiscent, meaning they do not split open at maturity to release seeds. The resulting seeds are notably small, with a mean mass of approximately 0.01986 g. For dispersal, the plant employs a zoochorous strategy, specifically through epizoochory, where seeds or fruits are transported externally by animals. Furthermore, the species does not engage in asexual reproduction, relying entirely on its sexual cycle for propagation.

Dehiscence :

indehiscent

Dispersal syndrome :

zoochorous

Dispersal syndrome :

epizoochorous

Flowering time :

Jun

Flowering time :

Aug

Fruit type :

achene

Pollination syndrome :

insect

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Reproduction asexual :

absent

Seed mass mean:

0.01986 g

Self fertilization :

absent

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Agrimonia procera has 1 reported plant parts identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root.

Root

1. Chemistry & biodiversity

Chemicals

Agrimonia procera has 14 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Agrimoniin, Ellagitannins, FAT, Flavonoids, Isovitexin.

Agrimoniin

1. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
2. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Ellagitannins

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

FAT

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Flavonoids

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Isovitexin

1. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

Procyanidins

1. Chemistry & biodiversity

Tannins

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Vitexin

1. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

apigenin

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

catechins

1. Chemistry & biodiversity

Conditions

Agrimonia procera has 2 reported investigations on conditions identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides.

Ldl-cholesterol

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Triglycerides

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Preparations

Agrimonia procera has 1 reported preparations identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include 40% aqueous ethanol.

40% aqueous ethanol

1. Chemistry & biodiversity