Headed-flower Adenosma

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Headed-flower Adenosma

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Adenosma bilabiata
• Stemodia capitata
• Stoechadomentha capitata
• Manulea indiana
• Pterostigma capitatum
• Pterostigma spicatum
• Erinus bilabiatus
• Adenosma capitata
• Adenosma buchneroides
• Adenosma capitata var. spicata

Sources: Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Lamiales, it is classified under the family Plantaginaceae. Ultimately, it is identified by the genus Adenosmama.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a diverse geographical range across several key regions of Asia. In China, its distribution is widespread, spanning the South-Central, Southeast, and Hainan areas. Moving into the Indian Subcontinent, the species can be found growing in the state of Assam. Additionally, it is documented to inhabit parts of Bangladesh. Together, these locations highlight the plant's presence across both East and South Asian landscapes.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Adenosma indica is characterized by a specific altitudinal distribution that dictates its habitat preferences and environmental interactions. This species thrives within a defined vertical gradient, typically found at lower to mid-elevation tropical or subtropical zones. Its ecological niche is centered around a mean elevation of 400 m AMSL, though it demonstrates adaptability across a broader range that extends from a minimum of 200 m AMSL to a maximum threshold of 600 m AMSL. This relatively narrow elevational band suggests that the plant is specialized to the specific temperature regimes, humidity levels, and atmospheric pressures associated with these lowland to sub-montane elevations.

Elevational range max:

600 m AMSL

Elevational range mean:

400 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

200 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Adenosoma indica is characterized by its classification as a perennial species, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons. As a perennial plant, it does not complete its life cycle in a single year like annuals, nor does it typically follow the two-year cycle of biennials; instead, it maintains a continuous presence in its natural habitat, often developing robust root systems that facilitate long-term survival. This perennial nature enables the plant to engage in repeated reproductive cycles, contributing to its stability within its ecological niche. Throughout its lifespan, the plant undergoes seasonal developmental stages, transitioning from vegetative growth to flowering and seed production, ensuring the perpetuation of the species across successive years.

Lifecycle :

annual

Morphology

The morphology of Adenosoma indica is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody herb. As a terrestrial species, it does not function as an epiphyte or a parasite, maintaining an independent biological existence. The plant is self-supporting rather than being a climber, and it lacks woody tissues. In terms of stature, it is a relatively low-growing specimen, with a plant height that ranges from a minimum of 0.19 m to a maximum of 0.6 m, maintaining an average height of approximately 0.395 m.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

0.6 m

Plant height mean:

0.395 m

Plant height min:

0.19 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Adenosoma indica is characterized by distinct foliar morphological dimensions that govern its photosynthetic surface area and transpiration rates. The leaf architecture exhibits significant variability, with leaf lengths ranging from a minimum of 1.5 cm to a maximum of 4.5 cm, maintaining a mean length of approximately 3 cm. Complementing this longitudinal variation, the leaf width fluctuates between a minimum of 0.5 cm and a maximum of 1.2 cm. These specific dimensions reflect the plant's adaptive strategies for light interception and gas exchange within its natural habitat, where the ratio of length to width plays a crucial role in managing the physiological demands of its metabolic processes.

Leaf length max:

4.5 cm

Leaf length mean:

3 cm

Leaf length min:

1.5 cm

Leaf width max:

1.2 cm

Leaf width min:

0.5 cm

Reproduction

The reproduction of Adenosoma indica is characterized by its specific inflorescence structure, which serves as the primary reproductive apparatus for the plant. The inflorescence exhibits a relatively compact form, with its length typically ranging from a minimum of 0.007 m to a maximum of 0.02 m. This controlled dimension of the flowering structure is a key botanical trait that facilitates its reproductive processes within its natural habitat.

Inflorescence length max:

0.02 m

Inflorescence length min:

0.007 m

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Adenosma indiana has 4 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 3-Carene, CARVACROL, P-CYMENE, THYMOL.

3-Carene

1. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine

CARVACROL

1. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine

P-CYMENE

1. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine

THYMOL

1. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine

Activities

Adenosma indiana has 2 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antimicrobial, Insect-Repellent.

Antimicrobial

1. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine

Insect-Repellent

1. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine