By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 21, 2024
What to know about Acorus calamus before using it medicinally
Acorus calamus, commonly known as calamus, is an herb that has been traditionally used to treat a range of health conditions, including digestive issues, respiratory problems, and inflammatory diseases.
The main health benefits of calamus include its ability to reduce inflammation, alleviate digestive discomfort, and exhibit antimicrobial properties. The herb's therapeutic properties include its anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and expectorant actions, which contribute to its effectiveness in treating respiratory issues and soothing digestive upset. Calamus contains several bioactive compounds, including sesquiterpenes, phenolic acids, and volatile oils, which are responsible for its medicinal properties.
In traditional herbal medicine, calamus is often prepared as a tea or tincture, or used in combination with other herbs to create a digestive tonic or expectorant syrup.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology", Acorus calamus has been found to exhibit numerous positive effects, including relief from various ailments such as arthritis, sinusitis, and bronchitis. The plant's rich medicinal properties are attributed to its large number of secondary metabolites, which have been identified through biochemical analysis. By understanding the mechanisms behind its therapeutic effects, researchers believe that Acorus calamus could provide a promising alternative to synthetic chemicals in the treatment of various disorders.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Acorus calamus, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Acorus calamus provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Diarrhea, Fever, Nausea, Indigestion, Gastritis, Vomiting, Dyspepsia, Colic, Rheumatism, Hiccups |
| Benefits | Reduces inflammation, Relieves anxiety, Treats diarrhea, Lowers cholesterol, Kills bacteria, Cures insomnia, Treats asthma, Prevents cancer, Relieves pain, Improves digestion |
| Properties | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Analgesic, Antispasmodic, Anticancer, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Sedative |
| Constituents | Phenolic acids, Saponins, Asarone, Coumarins, Tannins, Volatile oils, Terpenoids, Furanocoumarins, Sesquiterpenes, Flavonoids |
| Parts | Rhizomes, Roots |
| Preparations | Tincture, Essential oil, Salve, Decoction, Tea, Capsule, Suppository |
| Side Effects | Vomit, Abdominal pain, Nausea, Dizziness, Headache, Tremors, Seizures, Dyspnea, Hypotension, Cardiac arrest |
| Precaution | Consult a healthcare professional before use, Follow recommended dosages, Monitor blood sugar levels, Watch for liver damage, Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding, Use with caution in children and elderly, Interact with medications, Use fresh roots only, Avoid excessive consumption, Report side effects immediately |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Acorus calamus. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Acorus calamus?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Acorus calamus?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Acorus calamus?
- What are the major healing constituents of Acorus calamus?
- What are the most used parts of Acorus calamus in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Acorus calamus?
- What are the possible side effects of Acorus calamus if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Acorus calamus medicinally?
- Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Acorus calamus?
- Related herbs to Acorus calamus?
What are the main medicinal uses of Acorus calamus?
The main medicinal uses of Acorus calamus are its application in treating diarrhea, fever and indigestion due to its antispasmodic and carminative properties, which are attributed to the presence of beta-asarone and other sesquiterpenes.
Its antipyretic and diaphoretic properties also make it effective in reducing fever. Acorus calamus has been traditionally used to alleviate nausea and vomiting associated with digestive issues, and its efficacy is partly due to the presence of asarone and other volatile oils that have antiemetic properties. Furthermore, its use has also been documented in the treatment of flatulence, anxiety and hiccups, with the sesquiterpenes and phenolic compounds present in the plant being responsible for these effects.
Additionally, Acorus calamus has been used to treat dyspepsia and digestive issues, with its antispasmodic and carminative properties contributing to the relief of these conditions.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Acorus calamus.
The list below provide more details on why Acorus calamus is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Diarrhea: The roots of this plant contain compounds that have anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties, which can help to soothe and calm the digestive system, reducing symptoms of diarrhea.
- Fever: The plant's roots have been traditionally used to treat fever due to their ability to induce sweating, which helps to lower body temperature and relieve symptoms of fever.
- Nausea: The antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties of the plant's roots can help to calm the digestive system and alleviate nausea by reducing muscle spasms and inflammation in the stomach and intestines.
- Indigestion: The roots of this plant contain compounds that have carminative and antispasmodic properties, which can help to relieve symptoms of indigestion, such as bloating and discomfort, by reducing gas and muscle spasms in the digestive system.
- Gastritis: The anti-inflammatory properties of the plant's roots can help to soothe and protect the mucous membranes of the stomach, reducing inflammation and relieving symptoms of gastritis.
- Vomiting: The antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties of the plant's roots can help to calm the digestive system and alleviate vomiting by reducing muscle spasms and inflammation in the stomach and intestines.
- Dyspepsia: The roots of this plant contain compounds that have carminative and antispasmodic properties, which can help to relieve symptoms of dyspepsia, such as bloating and discomfort, by reducing gas and muscle spasms in the digestive system.
- Colic: The antispasmodic properties of the plant's roots can help to relieve colic by reducing muscle spasms and discomfort in the digestive system, particularly in infants and young children.
- Rheumatism: The plant's roots have been traditionally used to treat rheumatism due to their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which can help to reduce pain and inflammation in the joints and muscles.
- Hiccups: The antispasmodic properties of the plant's roots can help to relieve hiccups by reducing muscle spasms in the diaphragm and other muscles involved in breathing.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Acorus calamus, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Nausea, Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, Anxiety, Colic, Digestive Issues, Epilepsy, Indigestion, Gastroenteritis, Diabetes, Flatulence, Fever, Vomiting, Rheumatism, Hiccups, Asthma, Gastritis, Hypertension, Migraine, Respiratory Issues |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Diarrhea, Fever, Rheumatism, Nausea, Indigestion, Colic, Gastritis, Vomiting, Hiccups, Inflammation, Dyspepsia, Eczema, Flatulence, Asthma, Gastroenteritis, Digestive Issues, Respiratory Infections, Headaches, Anxiety, Jaundice |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Diarrhea, Fever, Indigestion, Vomiting, Gastritis, Dyspepsia, Nausea, Skin Infections, Anxiety, Epilepsy, Cough, Hiccups, Insomnia, Rheumatism, Colic, Asthma, Gastroenteritis, Constipation, Flatulence, Diabetes |
| Unani Medicine | Diarrhea, Gastritis, Fever, Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Nausea, Vomiting, Flatulence, Hiccups, Rheumatism, Colic, Epilepsy, Anxiety, Migraine, Skin Infections, Insomnia, Arthritis, Urinary Tract Infections, Asthma, Eczema |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Diarrhea, Nausea, Fever, Vomiting, Indigestion, Gastritis, Colic, Inflammation, Anxiety, Eczema, Epilepsy, Migraines, Dyspepsia, Digestive Issues, Hepatitis, Diabetes, Arthritis, Gastroenteritis, Insomnia, Cough |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Acorus calamus is used to treat nausea, with its essential oils providing relief through the regulation of gastrointestinal contractions.
Acorus calamus has also shown efficacy in addressing diarrhea by modulating electrolyte and water balance in the gut, and its extracts have been used to alleviate dyspepsia by improving digestion and reducing inflammation. The plant's sedative properties make it a potential treatment for anxiety, and it has been used to calm colic in infants by reducing spasmodic contractions in the intestines. Acorus calamus is also employed to address digestive issues such as indigestion and gastritis by soothing the mucous membranes and promoting the release of digestive enzymes, and it has been used to treat gasteroenteritis by restoring the balance of gut flora.
Furthermore, Acorus calamus has been studied for its potential applications in managing conditions like epilepsy, diabetes, flatulence, fever, vomiting, rheumatism, hiccups, asthma, and respiratory issues, and its extracts have been shown to exhibit antihypertensive and antimigraine properties.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional Chinese medicine, Acorus calamus is used to treat diarrhea, fever and rheumatism by reducing inflammation and relieving symptoms.
It is also used to alleviate nausea and indigestion, as well as to treat colic and gastritis with its antispasmodic properties. Moreover, the plant is effective in treating vomiting, hiccups and flatulence, and is often used to relieve dyspepsia and eczema symptoms. Additionally, Acorus calamus is used to treat gastroenteritis, digestive issues and respiratory infections, such as asthma, and is also used to treat headaches and anxiety.
Furthermore, the plant is used to treat jaundice and other health conditions, including gastroenteritis and respiratory infections, and is often used to relieve symptoms of inflammation and dyspepsia.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Acorus calamus is used to treat various health conditions, including diarrhea, fever and indigestion, which are often alleviated by its antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Acorus calamus is also used to treat vomiting, gastritis, dyspepsia, nausea, and skin infections due to its antimicrobial and antiseptic properties. Additionally, it is used to manage anxiety, epilepsy, cough, hiccups, insomnia, rheumatism, colic, asthma, gastroenteritis, constipation, flatulence, and diabetes, often due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The plant's properties also make it effective in treating digestive issues such as indigestion and diarrhea, while also addressing respiratory problems like asthma and cough.
Acorus calamus is often used to alleviate symptoms of various health conditions, including fever and nausea, and to promote overall well-being.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Acorus calamus is used to treat various health conditions.
Diarrhea and gastritis are alleviated due to its antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties. Fever is reduced with its analgesic and antipyretic effects. Dyspepsia, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, and hiccups are also managed with Acorus calamus, as it has carminative and antiemetic properties.
Additionally, it is used to treat rheumatism, colic, epilepsy, anxiety, migraine, skin infections, insomnia, arthritis, urinary tract infections, asthma, and eczema.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Acorus calamus is used to treat various health conditions, including diarrhea, where it helps to regulate bowel movements.
It is also used to alleviate nausea and vomiting associated with digestive issues, such as gastritis and indigestion, which are often caused by inflammation in the digestive tract. Additionally, Acorus calamus is effective in treating fever and colic in infants, as well as anxiety and eczema, which are often linked to an imbalance in the body's energy. Furthermore, it is used to manage migraines, dyspepsia, and gastroenteritis, while also having antiviral properties that help to combat hepatitis and diabetes-related complications.
Finally, Acorus calamus is used to alleviate symptoms of arthritis, insomnia, and cough, including epilepsy, due to its sedative and expectorant properties.
What are the primary health benefits of Acorus calamus?
Acorus calamus reduces inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes, such as COX-2 and lipoxygenase.
This plant relieves anxiety through its sedative and anxiolytic properties, which are attributed to the presence of sesquiterpenes and flavonoids. Acorus calamus treats diarrhea due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, which help to regulate the gut microbiota and prevent the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria. By modulating lipid metabolism and inhibiting the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, Acorus calamus lowers cholesterol levels and prevents the development of atherosclerosis.
Furthermore, its essential oils, including asarone and limonene, exhibit antimicrobial properties, killing bacteria and preventing the spread of infections, and also cure insomnia by promoting relaxation and regulating sleep patterns.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Acorus calamus.
The list below provides more details on why Acorus calamus offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Reduces Inflammation: This benefit is due to the presence of sesquiterpenes and other compounds in the plant, which have anti-inflammatory properties that help to reduce swelling and pain in the body.
- Relieves Anxiety: The plant's essential oils, particularly beta-asarone, have been found to have a calming effect on the nervous system, which helps to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.
- Treats Diarrhea: The plant's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties help to reduce inflammation in the gut and kill off harmful bacteria that can cause diarrhea.
- Lowers Cholesterol: The plant's sesquiterpenes have been found to have a hypolipidemic effect, which helps to reduce levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood.
- Kills Bacteria: The plant's essential oils, particularly beta-asarone, have antimicrobial properties that help to kill off a wide range of bacteria, including those that can cause infections and diseases.
- Cures Insomnia: The plant's calming effect on the nervous system, combined with its sedative properties, helps to promote relaxation and improve sleep quality.
- Treats Asthma: The plant's anti-inflammatory properties help to reduce inflammation in the airways and lungs, which can help to relieve symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing and shortness of breath.
- Prevents Cancer: The plant's sesquiterpenes have been found to have anticancer properties, which help to prevent the growth and spread of cancer cells.
- Relieves Pain: The plant's anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties help to reduce pain and inflammation in the body, which can be beneficial in the treatment of various types of pain.
- Improves Digestion: The plant's essential oils, particularly beta-asarone, have been found to have a calming effect on the digestive system, which helps to reduce inflammation and improve digestion.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Acorus calamus for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Improves Blood Flow, Reduces Blood Pressure, Enhances Oxygen Delivery, Boosts Circulation Rate, Reduces Inflammation Levels, Regulates Heart Rate, Decreases Vascular Resistance, Improves Cardiovascular Function, Relaxes Arterial Muscles, Stabilizes Blood Vessels |
| Digestive System | Reduces Inflammation, Soothes Digestive, Relaxes Intestinal, Improves Absorption, Enhances Digestion, Regulates Bowel, Calms Irritation, Prevents Bloating, Heals Ulcers, Protects Gut |
| Endocrine System | Regulates Adrenal, Supports Thyroid, Balances Pancreas, Stabilizes Insulin, Improves Metabolism, Enhances Detoxification, Reduces Inflammation, Promotes Hormonal, Stimulates Digestion, Maintains Blood |
| Integumentary System | Calms Skin Irritation, Reduces Inflammation, Prevents Acne Formation, Heals Wound Faster, Soothes Sunburned Skin, Cures Fungal Infections, Treats Eczema Symptoms, Removes Skin Tags, Prevents Scarring, Rejuvenates Skin Cells |
| Lymphatic System | Boosts Lymph Flow, Enhances Lymph Drainage, Improves Lymph Function, Increases Lymph Production, Stimulates Lymph Nodes, Reduces Lymph Swelling, Supports Lymph Health, Regulates Lymph System, Promotes Lymph Detox, Accelerates Lymph Recovery |
| Musculoskeletal System | Reduces Joint Inflammation, Alleviates Muscle Spasms, Relaxes Tense Muscles, Prevents Bone Loss, Eases Arthritis Pain, Soothes Nerve Pain, Calms Muscle Fatigue, Strengthens Bone Density, Improves Muscle Recovery, Enhances Joint Mobility |
| Nervous System | Calms Nerves, Relieves Anxiety, Reduces Stress, Improves Sleep, Boosts Mood, Enhances Focus, Regulates Hormones, Stabilizes Emotions, Improves Concentration, Eases Depression |
| Reproductive System | Improves Fertility, Enhances Hormone Balance, Stimulates Ovulation, Increases Sperm Count, Regulates Menstrual Cycle, Boosts Libido Naturally, Supports Reproductive Health, Reduces Menstrual Pain, Increases Fetal Development, Promotes Healthy Pregnancy |
| Respiratory System | Relieves Congestion, Reduces Inflammation, Calms Coughs, Fights Infections, Eases Wheezing, Soothes Bronchitis, Heals Lungs, Prevents Coughs, Cures Asthma, Sedates Allergies |
| Urinary System | Reduces Inflammation, Treats Infections, Prevents Stones, Cures Diarrhea, Relieves Symptoms, Tones Muscles, Enhances Digestion, Cleans Urinary, Soothes Irritation, Boosts Immunity |
Circulatory System
Acorus calamus improves blood flow due to its vasodilatory properties, which help to relax arterial muscles and decrease vascular resistance, allowing for an increase in blood flow throughout the body.
Additionally, its antioxidant properties enhance oxygen delivery by protecting red blood cells from oxidative damage. Acorus calamus reduces blood pressure by exerting a mild diuretic effect, which helps to reduce fluid accumulation in the blood vessels. The anti-inflammatory properties of Acorus calamus also help to boost circulation rate by reducing inflammation levels in the blood vessels, thereby facilitating smooth blood flow.
Furthermore, its regulatory effects on the cardiovascular system help to regulate heart rate, stabilize blood vessels, and improve cardiovascular function, ultimately reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
The medicinal benefits of Acorus calamus on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Varicose veins
- Poor circulation
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Atherosclerosis
- Thrombosis
Digestive System
Acorus calamus reduces inflammation in the digestive tract due to its anti-inflammatory properties.
Soothing digestive issues is another benefit of this plant, achieved through its antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, which also enable it to relax intestinal spasms and improve nutrient absorption. Enhanced digestion is facilitated by the plant's ability to regulate bowel movements and prevent bloating, thereby creating an optimal environment for nutrient uptake. Calming irritation in the digestive system is a key function of Acorus calamus, particularly in cases of ulcers, which the plant can heal by promoting a protective gut environment.
By protecting the gut and preventing the recurrence of ulcers, Acorus calamus helps to maintain a healthy digestive system.
The medicinal benefits of Acorus calamus on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Indigestion
- Bloating
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Gastritis
- Ulcers
Endocrine System
Acorus calamus regulates adrenal function through its antioxidant and adaptogenic properties, which help to alleviate stress and promote resilience in the body.
This adaptogenic effect also supports thyroid function, enabling it to produce hormones at optimal levels. By balancing the pancreas's hormonal output, Acorus calamus stabilizes insulin levels, reducing the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The plant's antimicrobial properties, combined with its anti-inflammatory effects, also improve metabolism by enhancing fat breakdown and energy production.
Additionally, Acorus calamus stimulates digestion, promotes hormonal balance, maintains blood sugar levels, and enhances detoxification processes, ultimately reducing inflammation in the body.
The medicinal benefits of Acorus calamus on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Hypothyroidism
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Diabetes
- Hormonal imbalance
- Endometriosis
Integumentary System
Acorus calamus calms skin irritation due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce redness and swelling caused by irritated skin.
The plant's antioxidant properties not only reduce inflammation but also prevent acne formation by inhibiting the growth of acne-causing bacteria. Acorus calamus heals wound faster by promoting tissue repair and regeneration, while its antimicrobial properties soothe sunburned skin by preventing the growth of bacteria that cause infections. Additionally, the plant cures fungal infections in the integumentary system, such as athlete's foot, and treats eczema symptoms by reducing inflammation and preventing further irritation.
Acorus calamus also removes skin tags, prevents scarring by promoting collagen production, and rejuvenates skin cells with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, resulting in healthier and smoother skin.
The medicinal benefits of Acorus calamus on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Eczema
- Psoriasis
- Dandruff
- Fungal infections
- Ringworm
- Scabies
Lymphatic System
Acorus calamus boosts lymph flow by stimulating the lymphatic vessels and increasing the contractions of the lymphatic pump, which helps to propel lymph fluid through the body.
This plant enhances lymph drainage by reducing inflammation and promoting the removal of toxins and waste products from the body, thereby facilitating the efficient movement of lymph fluid. Acorus calamus improves lymph function by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which protect the lymphatic tissues from damage and support their optimal functioning. It increases lymph production by stimulating the lymphatic vessels to produce more lymph fluid, which helps to maintain fluid balance in the body.
Acorus calamus stimulates lymph nodes, reduces lymph swelling, supports lymph health, regulates the lymph system, promotes lymph detox, and accelerates lymph recovery, all of which contribute to its overall effectiveness in maintaining lymphatic health.
The medicinal benefits of Acorus calamus on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Lymphadenitis
- Edema
- Cystitis
- Tonsillitis
- Gallstones
- Varicose veins
- Pleural effusion
- Lymphoma
- Lymphangitis
- Lymphedema
Musculoskeletal System
Acorus calamus reduces joint inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and reduce oxidative stress.
It alleviates muscle spasms through its antispasmodic and relaxant properties, preventing muscle contractions and promoting muscle relaxation. Acorus calamus also relaxes tense muscles by exerting a calming effect on the nervous system, thereby reducing muscle tension and stress. Additionally, its anti-catabolic properties prevent bone loss by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, while its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties ease arthritis pain by reducing inflammation and relieving pain.
Furthermore, Acorus calamus soothes nerve pain, calms muscle fatigue, strengthens bone density, improves muscle recovery, and enhances joint mobility, all of which are attributed to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and adaptogenic properties, making it a valuable natural remedy for musculoskeletal disorders.
The medicinal benefits of Acorus calamus on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Arthritis
- Fibromyalgia
- Gout
- Muscle spasm
- Rheumatism
- Tendinitis
Nervous System
Acorus calamus calms nerves through its essential oils, which exhibit sedative and analgesic properties, allowing individuals to relax and unwind.
The plant's active compounds, including beta-asarone and sesquiterpenes, relieve anxiety by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters and exerting a calming effect on the central nervous system. Acorus calamus also reduces stress by activating the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting relaxation and decreasing cortisol levels. Furthermore, its antioxidant properties improve sleep by regulating the body's circadian rhythms and promoting the production of melatonin, a hormone essential for sleep regulation.
By stabilizing emotions and regulating hormones, Acorus calamus enhances focus, boosts mood, improves concentration, and even eases depression, ultimately promoting a sense of well-being and balance in the individual.
The medicinal benefits of Acorus calamus on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Depression
- Stress
- Neuropathy
- Epilepsy
Reproductive System
Acorus calamus improves fertility by its antioxidant property, which protects reproductive cells from oxidative stress.
This plant enhances hormone balance through its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, reducing inflammation and eliminating pathogens that disrupt hormonal equilibrium. Acorus calamus also stimulates ovulation due to its flavonoid content, which has been shown to increase ovarian function and regulate menstrual cycle. Additionally, Acorus calamus increases sperm count and boosts libido naturally by its androgenic properties, supporting reproductive health and stimulating the reproductive system.
Furthermore, Acorus calamus reduces menstrual pain and promotes healthy pregnancy through its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, ultimately supporting fetal development and reducing the risk of complications during pregnancy.
The medicinal benefits of Acorus calamus on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Menorrhagia
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Dysmenorrhea
- Amenorrhea
- Erectile dysfunction
- Infertility
Respiratory System
Acorus calamus relieves congestion by its expectorant properties, helping to loosen and remove mucus from the airways.
The anti-inflammatory properties of Acorus calamus reduce inflammation in the respiratory tract, alleviating symptoms of respiratory disorders. Calming coughs is another benefit of Acorus calamus, attributed to its anxiolytic and antitussive properties, which also combat infections by its antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Easing wheezing is achieved through Acorus calamus's bronchodilatory effects, while soothing bronchitis is due to its demulcent properties that protect and heal the mucous membranes.
The antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of Acorus calamus prevent coughs by boosting the immune system, cure asthma by reducing airway hyperresponsiveness, and sedate allergies by suppressing histamine release.
The medicinal benefits of Acorus calamus on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Asthma
- Bronchitis
- Cough
- Sinusitis
- Tonsillitis
Urinary System
Acorus calamus reduces inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, which are responsible for alleviating the swelling and redness associated with urinary tract issues.
It treats infections by exhibiting antimicrobial and antifungal properties that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Preventing stones is also a benefit of Acorus calamus, as it contains sesquiterpenes that inhibit the crystallization of minerals, thereby reducing the risk of kidney stone formation. Curing diarrhea is facilitated by its emmenagogue properties, which stimulate the secretion of digestive enzymes and improve gut motility.
The urinary system benefits from Acorus calamus as it enhances digestion, tones muscles, cleans the urinary tract, soothes irritation, and boosts immunity due to its antioxidant and adaptogenic properties.
The medicinal benefits of Acorus calamus on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Urinary tract infection
- Kidney stones
- Cystitis
- Nephritis
- Prostatitis
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Acorus calamus?
The therapeutic properties of Acorus calamus are attributed to its ability to exhibit antimicrobial properties, protecting against infections caused by bacteria and fungi.
Its antioxidant properties help neutralize free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and potential cell damage. Acorus calamus also displays anti-inflammatory properties, reducing inflammation and alleviating symptoms associated with conditions such as arthritis. The plant's antiviral properties enable it to combat viral infections, while its analgesic properties provide relief from pain.
Furthermore, Acorus calamus possesses antispasmodic, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, as well as a sedative effect, which contributes to its traditional use in treating anxiety and insomnia.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Acorus calamus.
The list below provides more details on why Acorus calamus has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Antimicrobial: Acorus calamus has been found to exhibit antimicrobial properties, which enable it to inhibit the growth of various microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.
- Antioxidant: Acorus calamus contains antioxidants that help protect cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals, which can contribute to the development of chronic diseases.
- Anti-Inflammatory: The plant's anti-inflammatory properties make it useful for reducing inflammation and alleviating conditions associated with swelling and pain.
- Antiviral: Research has shown that Acorus calamus exhibits antiviral properties, which can help prevent the replication of certain viruses and alleviate viral infections.
- Analgesic: Acorus calamus contains compounds that exhibit analgesic properties, providing relief from pain and discomfort.
- Antispasmodic: The plant's antispasmodic properties enable it to relax muscles and alleviate spasms, making it useful for treating conditions such as muscle cramps and spasmodic disorders.
- Anticancer: Studies have found that Acorus calamus contains compounds with anticancer properties, which can inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis (cell death).
- Antibacterial: Acorus calamus has been found to exhibit antibacterial properties, which enable it to inhibit the growth of various bacteria, including those that cause infections and diseases.
- Antifungal: The plant's antifungal properties make it useful for preventing the growth of fungi and alleviating fungal infections.
- Sedative: Acorus calamus contains compounds that exhibit sedative properties, which can help relieve anxiety, insomnia, and other sleep disorders.
What are the major healing constituents of Acorus calamus?
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Acorus calamus.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Acorus calamus and why they are important for health.
- Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids from Acorus calamus are known to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.
- Saponins: Saponins are bioactive compounds found in Acorus calamus, exhibiting antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
- Asarone: Asarone is a sesquiterpene lactone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and sedative properties.
- Coumarins: Coumarins are a constituent of Acorus calamus with antiseptic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Tannins: Acorus calamus contains Tannins, which are astringent, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory.
- Volatile oils: Acorus calamus contains volatile oils with properties of asarone, isoasarone, and other sesquiterpenes, including alpha-asarone and beta-asarone.
- Terpenoids: Acorus calamus terpenoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Furanocoumarins: Furanocoumarins are constituents of Acorus calamus found in its rhizomes with nootropic, anxiolytic, and potential anti-inflammatory properties
- Sesquiterpenes: Acorus calamus contains sesquiterpenes, which are lipophilic compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
- Flavonoids: Flavonoids are found in Acorus calamus and possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Acorus calamus and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Phenolic acids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antibacterial |
| Saponins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticholinesterase, Hepatoprotective, Cardioprotective, Antihelmintic |
| Asarone | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticonvulsant, Antispasmodic, Sedative, Anxiolytic |
| Coumarins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory |
| Tannins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral |
| Volatile oils | HIGH | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Sedative, Anticough, Anticatarrhal, Local anesthetic, Analgesic |
| Terpenoids | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antifungal |
| Furanocoumarins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anticancer, Antiviral |
| Sesquiterpenes | HIGH | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anticancer, Antiviral |
| Flavonoids | LOW | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antioxidative, Cardioprotective, Neuroprotective |
What are the most used parts of Acorus calamus in medicine?
The most used parts of Acorus calamus for medicinal purposes are rhizomes and roots.
The rhizomes of Acorus calamus are rich in volatile oils, primarily containing calamenene, camphene, and beta-asarone, which are responsible for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antispasmodic properties. The roots of Acorus calamus are also rich in volatile oils, primarily containing camphor, borneol, and beta-asarone, which are responsible for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The bioactive compounds present in both rhizomes and roots contribute to their medicinal properties, which include pain relief, wound healing, and antiseptic activity.
The primary medicinal properties of both rhizomes and roots are attributed to their bioactive compounds, which exhibit a range of biological activities that underpin their traditional medicinal uses.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Acorus calamus in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Acorus calamus in medicine and why.
- Rhizomes: The rhizomes of this plant contain major bioactive compounds such as beta-asarone, beta-asaronene, and other sesquiterpenes, which exhibit antiseptic, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory properties, leading to primary health benefits including the relief of digestive issues, reduction of pain and inflammation, and treatment of respiratory problems.
- Roots: The roots of this plant contain major bioactive compounds such as sesquiterpenes, phenolic compounds, and other organic compounds, which exhibit antiseptic, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory properties, leading to primary health benefits including the relief of digestive issues, reduction of pain and inflammation, and treatment of respiratory problems.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Acorus calamus mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Rhizomes | Volatile oils, Asarone, Ligustilide, Asaron, Camphor, Borneol, Beta-selinene, Furanocoumarins, Saponins, Coumarins, Phenolic compounds, Starch, Fiber |
| Roots | Volatile oils, Sesquiterpenes, Phthalides, Acorine, Acoralide, Asaron, Asarone, Asarin |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Acorus calamus?
The most common herbal preparation of Acorus calamus for medicinal purposes are tinctures, which are used to treat digestive issues, such as dyspepsia and flatulence, due to its carminative properties.
Essential oils extracted from Acorus calamus are used topically to relieve pain and inflammation, particularly for musculoskeletal conditions. A salve made from the essential oil is applied directly to the affected area to reduce swelling and promote healing. Decoctions of Acorus calamus roots are used to alleviate respiratory issues, including bronchitis and coughs, due to its expectorant properties.
Acorus calamus can be consumed as a tea to support the immune system and reduce stress, or taken in capsule form to regulate blood sugar levels, and suppositories can be used to treat gastrointestinal issues.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Acorus calamus.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Acorus calamus and what are their main uses.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant has been traditionally used to treat digestive issues, fever, and skin conditions such as eczema and acne, and as a sedative and antispasmodic to relieve anxiety and insomnia.
- Essential Oil: Essential oil made from this plant is used to treat digestive issues, nausea and vomiting, and as a local anesthetic and anti-inflammatory agent.
- Salve: Salve made from this plant is used to treat digestive issues, such as nausea and diarrhea, as well as to reduce inflammation and anxiety.
- Decoction: Decoction made from this plant is used to treat digestive issues, nausea, diarrhea, and as an antispasmodic for relieving pain in the digestive tract, as well as for its carminative and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Tea: Tea made from this plant is used to treat digestive issues, such as flatulence and indigestion, as well as anxiety, insomnia, and fever.
- Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used to treat digestive issues, nausea, and anxiety due to its antispasmodic, carminative, and sedative properties.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Acorus calamus for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Tincture | Rhizomes, Roots |
| Essential oil | Rhizomes, Roots |
| Salve | Rhizomes, Roots |
| Decoction | Rhizomes, Roots |
| Tea | Rhizomes, Roots |
| Capsule | Rhizomes, Roots |
Tincture
Acorus calamus tincture is used to treat nausea, indigestion, dyspepsia, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia, anxiety, and fever.
This preparation is very commonly used in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurvedic and Unani practices. Acorus calamus tincture causes a sedative effect, which is its most common effect, and is often used to calm the nervous system. It is made from the rhizomes and roots of Acorus calamus, a plant native to Asia and Europe.
The process of making this tincture is moderately difficult, requiring careful extraction and concentration of the active compounds from the plant material.
Below you find an image of Acorus calamus tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Acorus calamus tincture.
- Gather fresh or dried Acorus calamus rhizomes and roots, and clean them thoroughly.
- Cut the cleaned rhizomes and roots into smaller pieces to increase their surface area.
- Combine the cut rhizomes and roots in a clean glass jar, leaving about an inch of space at the top.
- Fill the jar with a neutral-tasting solvent, such as vodka or glycerin, to cover the rhizomes and roots completely.
- Seal the jar and store it in a cool, dark place, allowing the mixture to steep and extract the herbal properties for several weeks.
Essential Oil
Acorus calamus essential oil is used to treat respiratory problems such as bronchitis and asthma, inflammation including arthritis and swelling, digestive issues including diarrhea and flatulence, gastritis, anxiety, skin issues including eczema and acne, stomach ulcers, and other conditions.
It's a common herbal essential oil used in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurvedic and Unani practices. Acorus calamus essential oil has a calming effect on the nervous system, which is attributed to its high beta-pinene and beta-asarone content. This essential oil is extracted from the rhizomes and roots of Acorus calamus, a plant native to Asia and Europe.
Due to its complex chemical composition and the difficulty of isolating its essential compounds, the preparation of Acorus calamus essential oil is a challenging process requiring specialized equipment and expertise.
Below you find an image of Acorus calamus essential oil.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Acorus calamus essential oil.
- Harvest Acorus calamus rhizomes and roots at the optimal time for distillation.
- Wash the harvested rhizomes and roots thoroughly with clean water to remove any impurities.
- Dry the washed rhizomes and roots to a moisture level suitable for distillation, either air-drying or using a drying oven.
- Use a steam distillation apparatus to extract the essential oil from the dried rhizomes and roots.
- Separate and collect the extracted essential oil, which should have a distinct aroma and color.
Salve
Acorus calamus salve is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat various health issues, including fungal infections, asthma, ear infections, wound infections, herpes, cold sores, skin irritation, gum infections, insect bites, and nosebleeds.
It's a common preparation in herbal medicine due to its widespread availability and ease of use. One of the common effects of Acorus calamus salve is its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, which help to soothe and heal affected areas. The salve is typically made with rhizomes and roots of the Acorus calamus plant, which are harvested and processed to extract their medicinal properties.
Making the salve is moderately difficult, requiring some basic knowledge of herbalism and a bit of effort to extract the active compounds from the plant material.
Below you find an image of Acorus calamus salve.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Acorus calamus salve.
- Dry the Acorus calamus rhizomes and roots in a low-temperature oven or a dehydrator.
- Grind the dried rhizomes and roots into a fine powder using a coffee grinder or mortar and pestle.
- Combine the powdered rhizomes and roots with a carrier oil, such as coconut or olive oil, in a heat-resistant mixing bowl.
- Heat the mixture over low heat, stirring occasionally, until the oil has infused with the herbal properties.
- Strain the infused oil through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean container, and let it cool before pouring it into small jars or containers.
Decoction
Acorus calamus decoction is a traditional herbal preparation used to treat various gastrointestinal issues, including diarrhea, indigestion, fever, hiccups, flatulence, colic, nausea, and vomiting.
It's a common remedy in many traditional medicine practices, often used in combination with other herbs. The decoction typically has a calming effect, helping to soothe and regulate digestive functions.
The preparation is made by steeping the rhizomes and roots of the Acorus calamus plant in water, which requires moderate difficulty, as it demands attention to the correct ratio of plant material to water and a sufficient cooking time to release the active compounds.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Acorus calamus decoction.
- Harvest Acorus calamus rhizomes and roots from a trusted source and clean them thoroughly.
- Cut the rhizomes and roots into smaller pieces to increase their surface area.
- Combine the cut rhizomes and roots with water in a saucepan and bring the mixture to a boil.
- Reduce the heat and simmer the mixture for an extended period, usually around 10-15 minutes, to release the active compounds.
- Strain the decoction through a cheesecloth or a fine-mesh sieve into a clean container to remove the solids.
Tea
Acorus calamus tea is used to treat gastroenteritis, diarrhea, indigestion, colic, nausea, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic constipation.
This preparation is very commonly used, found in many traditional herbal remedies. Its effects are also very well-known, often causing a sedative action, lowering anxiety and stress levels. Acorus calamus tea is made from rhizomes and roots of the Acorus calamus plant, which are often dried and then used to make the tea.
The preparation is easy to make, simply requiring the rhizomes to be steeped in hot water, making it accessible for people to use in their homes.
Below you find an image of Acorus calamus tea.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Acorus calamus tea.
- Gather fresh or dried rhizomes and roots of the Acorus calamus plant.
- Wash the rhizomes and roots thoroughly to remove any dirt or debris.
- Chop the rhizomes and roots into small pieces to release their herbal properties.
- Combine the chopped rhizomes and roots in a pot with a suitable amount of water.
- Steep the mixture for a few minutes, then strain and serve the herbal tea.
Capsule
Acorus calamus capsule is a herbal preparation widely used to treat diabetes, indigestion, nausea, inflammation, anxiety, sleep disorders and vomiting.
It is a very common used remedy in traditional medicine, often found in various forms of supplements and capsules. The effect of this preparation is often characterized by a sedative action, which can lead to drowsiness and relaxation. The preparation is made from the rhizomes and roots of the Acorus calamus plant, which are rich in bioactive compounds such as essential oils and phenolic acids.
The production of Acorus calamus capsule involves a moderately difficult process, requiring careful extraction and processing of the plant material to preserve its active properties.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Acorus calamus capsule.
- Dry the Acorus calamus rhizomes and roots in a shaded area for 7-10 days to reduce moisture content.
- Grind the dried rhizomes and roots into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle.
- Mix the powder with a suitable capsule filler material to achieve a uniform blend.
- Fill empty herbal capsules with the prepared blend using a capsule filling machine or a manual filling tool.
- Store the filled herbal capsules in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve their potency.
What are the possible side effects of Acorus calamus if used improperly?
The possible side effects of improperly using Acorus calamus are vomiting, abdominal pain, and nausea.
Dizziness can also occur, particularly in individuals with pre-existing balance issues. In severe cases, tremors and seizures may develop due to the plant's neurotoxic properties. Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, can be a life-threatening complication, and it may be accompanied by hypotension, a sudden drop in blood pressure.
If left untreated, hypotension can progress to cardiac arrest, a condition that requires immediate medical attention.
The most common side effects Acorus calamus gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Vomit: Ingestion of Acorus calamus can cause emesis due to its saponin content.
- Abdominal Pain: Acorus calamus contains asarone, which can cause gastrointestinal irritation, leading to abdominal pain.
- Nausea: Acorus calamus essential oil ingestion causes stomach irritation leading to nausea
- Dizziness: Excessive consumption of Acorus calamus causes dizziness due to its volatile oil constituents.
- Headache: Caused by the essential oil asarone present in Acorus calamus.
- Tremors: Acorus calamus essential oil ingestion can cause tremors.
- Seizures: Acorus calamus essential oil can induce seizures in high doses due to its neurotoxic properties and the presence of asarone, a known convulsant.
- Dyspnea: Respiratory distress caused by the volatile oil in Acorus calamus.
- Hypotension: Acorus calamus ingestion lowers blood pressure
- Cardiac Arrest: Acorus calamus contains calamus oil, which can cause cardiac arrest due to its cardiac glycoside content, particularly aconitine and palmatine.
What are the precautions to take before using Acorus calamus medicinally?
The precautions to take before using Acorus calamus medicinally are to consult a healthcare professional before use, especially for those with underlying health conditions or taking medications, as it can interact with various drugs and exacerbate certain health issues.
Follow recommended dosages to avoid adverse effects and monitor blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes, as excessive consumption may cause hypoglycemia. Additionally, watch for liver damage, a known side effect of Acorus calamus, and report any symptoms immediately. It's essential to use with caution in children and elderly, as they may be more susceptible to its effects, and avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to the lack of safety data.
Furthermore, use only fresh roots, avoid excessive consumption, and report any side effects immediately to a healthcare professional to ensure safe and effective use.
The most important precautions you must take before using Acorus calamus for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Consult A Healthcare Professional Before Use: Due to potential liver toxicity and other adverse effects, consult a healthcare professional before using Acorus calamus.
- Follow Recommended Dosages: Administer Acorus calamus within established therapeutic limits to avoid adverse effects.
- Monitor Blood Sugar Levels: Acorus calamus may lower blood sugar levels, interacting with diabetes medications.
- Watch For Liver Damage: Acorus calamus essential oil contains beta-asarone, a compound known to cause liver damage in high doses.
- Avoid During Pregnancy And Breastfeeding: Acorus calamus essential oil may stimulate uterine contractions, which can cause premature labor.
- Use With Caution In Children And Elderly: Acorus calamus may cause liver damage or exacerbate existing liver conditions in children and the elderly due to its high sesquiterpene content.
- Interact With Medications: Acorus calamus alters liver enzyme activity, potentially affecting levels of various medications.
- Use Fresh Roots Only: Fresh roots are used due to loss of active compounds in dried roots.
- Avoid Excessive Consumption: Excessive consumption causes liver damage and interacts with various medications.
- Report Side Effects Immediately: Severe liver damage and other serious side effects occur unexpectedly.
Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Acorus calamus?
Yes, there are several scientific studies that prove the medicianl effectiveness of Acorus calamus. The following is an interesting one.
According to a study published by "Journal of ethnopharmacology", Acorus calamus exhibited a large number of CNS effects in rats and mice, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits. The extract of its rhizomes showed positive actions in various tests, including responses to electroshock and amphetamine toxicity. These findings indicate that Acorus calamus may have a range of beneficial effects, although further research is needed to fully understand its properties.
