balsam fir
Abies balsamea · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Moderate (114 studies) · ★★★☆☆
Balsam fir, scientifically known as Abies balsamea, is a versatile coniferous evergreen native to North America. Renowned for its aromatic, resinous needles and healing balsam, this species holds significant medicinal value. Its extracts are traditionally used to soothe respiratory ailments, promote wound healing, and provide calming aromatherapy benefits.
- Family
- Pinaceae
- Native range
- Europe
- Parts used
- Not available
- Common names
- Balsam Fir · Canadian Fir · 5 more
- Scientific synonyms
- Picea Balsamea · Pinus Balsamea
Names
Common Names
- balsam fir
- Canadian Fir
- Canada balsam
- balsam
- eastern fir
- fir balsam
- balm-of-gilead
Regional and Traditional Names
Spanish:
- abeto balsámico
German:
- Balsam-Tanne
- Balsamtanne
- Balsam-Tanne
French:
- Sapin baumier
- Sapin balsamier
- sapin baumier
- Sapin balsamier
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Abies balsameaSynonyms
- Picea balsamea
- Pinus balsamea
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Pinidae. Within the order Pinales and family Pinaceae, it is classified under the genus Abiés.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Pinidae | WCVP |
| Order | Pinales | WCVP |
| Family | Pinaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Abies | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a wide-ranging geographical distribution that spans across multiple continents. In Northern Europe, its presence can be observed in Denmark, Finland, and Norway. The species also extends into Eastern Europe, specifically throughout the Baltic States. Moving across the Atlantic, its habitat includes the region of Western Canada. Within this Canadian territory, the plant is notably found in the province of Alberta.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Europe | Denmark | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Finland | WCVP |
| Northern Europe | Norway | WCVP |
| Eastern Europe | Baltic States | WCVP |
| Western Canada | Alberta | WCVP |
| Western Canada | Manitoba | WCVP |
| Western Canada | Saskatchewan | WCVP |
| Eastern Canada | Labrador | WCVP |
| Eastern Canada | New Brunswick | WCVP |
| Eastern Canada | Newfoundland | WCVP |
Chemicals
Abies balsamea has 17 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 3-Carene, ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, Abienol, Abieslactone.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| 3-Carene | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Abienol | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Abieslactone | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| BETA-PHELLANDRENE | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| BORNYL ACETATE | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Betulin | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Bupleurol | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| CAMPHENE | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
3-Carene
- Dr. Duke
ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
- Dr. Duke
ALPHA-PINENE
- Dr. Duke
Abienol
- Dr. Duke
Abieslactone
- Dr. Duke
BETA-PHELLANDRENE
- Dr. Duke
BORNYL ACETATE
- Dr. Duke
Betulin
- Dr. Duke
Bupleurol
- Dr. Duke
CAMPHENE
- Dr. Duke
Activities
Abies balsamea has 90 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include (-)-Chronotropic, (-)-Inotropic, AChE-Inhibitor, Acaricide, Allelochemic.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| (-)-Chronotropic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (-)-Inotropic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| AChE-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Acaricide | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Allelochemic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Allelopathic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Allergenic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| AntiHIV | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiacetylcholinesterase | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiacne | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Abies balsamea has 2 reported medicinal uses identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include cancer, insomnia.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| cancer | Organic letters (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| insomnia | Journal of microbiology and biotechnology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| oleoresin | Organic letters (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| bark extracts | Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ethanolic extracts | Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |